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QUIZ 3 > Respiratory Embryology > Flashcards

Respiratory Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does development of respiratory system begin?

A

around week 4

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2
Q

respiratory diverticulum

A

forms as an extension off of the ventral wall of the foregut

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3
Q

opening of respiratory diverticulum

A

becomes the larynx (laryngeal orifice)

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4
Q

pharyngeal arches

A

6 arches total develop; all with their own blood supply, nervous supply, and veinous drainage

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5
Q

pharyngeal arches

A

6 arches total develop; all with their own blood supply, nervous supply, and veinous drainage

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6
Q

outer surface of pharyngeal arches

A

covered with ectoderm

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7
Q

inner lining of pharyngeal arches

A

endoderm

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8
Q

between endoderm and ectoderm in pharyngeal arches

A

mesoderm

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9
Q

pharyngeal pouches

A

on inner surface of arches

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10
Q

pharyngeal clefts

A

on external surface of arches

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11
Q

muscle and cartilage of larynx

A

derived from mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

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12
Q

splanchnic visceral mesoderm

A

gives rise to the cartilaginous, muscular, and CT components of trachea and lungs

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13
Q

tracheoesophageal ridge/septum

A

causes closure between the foregut and respiratory diverticulum so that they are two separate entities

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14
Q

the foregut becomes the _

A

esophagus

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15
Q

the respiratory diverticulum becomes the _

A

trachea with two lung buds

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16
Q

tracheoesophageal fistula

A

when the TE septum does not close off properly

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17
Q

esophageal atresia

A

most common occurrence when TE septum does not close off properly; proximal part of esophagus has a blind-end while distal is connected to trachea via fistula

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18
Q

EA + TEF symptoms

A

excessive accumulation of saliva and mucus, gagging after swallowing, abdominal distention, reflux of stomach contents into lungs, polyhydramnios

19
Q

development of bronchi

A

lung buds –> primary bronchial buds –> divide into secondary (lobar) bronchial buds (3 on R, 2 on L) –> tertiary (segmental) bronchial buds

20
Q

bronchopulmonary segments

A

different sections of lung tissue suppled by different tertiary bronchus

21
Q

terminal bronchiole

A

last of bronchioles without alveoli

22
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

some alveoli where exchange can occur

23
Q

alveolar duct

A

channel with multiple alveoli in its wall

24
Q

alveolar sac

A

space that has multiple alveoli surrounding it

25
Q

embryonic lung development (weeks 4-7)

A

from lung bud to tertiary bronchioles; errors can lead to TE fistula

26
Q

pseudoglandular stage (weeks 5-17)

A

terminal bronchioles surrounded by capillaries but no alveoli; respiration is impossible

27
Q

canalicular stage (weeks 16-25)

A

from terminal bronchioles to alveolar ducts; lumen developing and begin to get pneumocytes at week 20

28
Q

pneumocytes

A

alveolar cells

29
Q

pneumocyte type I

A

squamous cells for exchange

30
Q

pneumocyte type II

A

produce surfactant

31
Q

saccular stage (weeks 26-birth)

A

alveolar ducts –> terminal sacs

32
Q

alveolar stage (week 36 to 8 years)

A

terminal sacs –> adult alveoli; number of alveoli increases exponentially in first few years of life

33
Q

aeration of lungs

A

at birth, fluid must be cleared:

  1. pressure on thorax during natural delivery forces fluid out
  2. fluid is absorbed into capillaries and lymphatics
34
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

insufficient pulmonary surfactant to reduce surface tension and prevent collapse

35
Q

primitive embryonic body cavity

A

space between parietal and visceral layers

36
Q

coelomic cavity

A

where visceral and parietal mesoderm layers meet; gives rise to pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities

37
Q

septum transversum

A

developing diaphragm –> starts out in cervical region (C 3,4,5) –> mesoderm origin

38
Q

phrenic nerve

A

starts at neck and travels through thoracic cavity through pericardium to the diaphragm

39
Q

pericardio-peritoneal canal

A

connects thorax with abdomen –> form pleuroperitoneal folds to close off canal

40
Q

diaphragmatic hernia

A

what happens if the pleuroperitoneal folds do not close the canal

41
Q

left pericardioperitoneal canal

A

is larger and closes off later than right –> diaphragmatic hernia will be on left side and left lung will be compressed

42
Q

pulmonary agenesis

A

absence of a lung or lobe and its bronchi; caused by failure of bronchial buds to develop

43
Q

pulmonary hypoplasia

A

poorly developed bronchial tree associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and any disorder that causes oligohydramnios

QUIZ 3 (12 decks)

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