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QUIZ 3 > Microtubules > Flashcards

Microtubules Flashcards

1
Q

unstable microtubule structure

A

singlet made of 13 protofilaments arranged in a cylinder

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2
Q

examples of unstable/dynamic MT

A

spindle or centrosome

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3
Q

exception to unstable singlet

A

axon MTs are stabilized by acetylation

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4
Q

stable microtubules

A

doublets (13+10) and triplets (13+10+10)

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5
Q

examples of MT doublets

A

cilia and flagella

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6
Q

examples of MT triplets

A

centrioles and basal bodies

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7
Q

gamma-tubulin ring complex

A

facilitates rapid nucleation of MTs; on plus end

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8
Q

MTOC

A

microtubule organizing center on minus ends of microtubules

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9
Q

interphase cell MTOC

A

centrosome

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10
Q

dividing cell MTOC

A

spindle pole

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11
Q

MTOC for ciliated cell

A

basal body

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12
Q

MTOC’s provide _

A

directionality for movement

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13
Q

GTP cap

A

provides stabilization at end of MTs

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14
Q

GDP on microtubules

A

causes rapid disassembly and shrinkage

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15
Q

acetylation

A

stabilizes microtubules

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16
Q

drugs that destabilize MTs

A

colchicine, vinblastine, nocodozole

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17
Q

drugs that stabilize MTs

A

taxol

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18
Q

treadmilling

A

GTP adds to one end while GDP breaks off at another end –> results in what looks like forward motion of same sized strand

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19
Q

example of MT treadmilling

A

when chromosomes move from metaphase plate towards spindle poles

20
Q

example of treadmilling in actin filaments

A

cilia in ears carrying sensations in

21
Q

basal body

A

9 triplet MTs

22
Q

primary cilia

A

sensory role in almost all non-dividing cells; intraflagellar transport

23
Q

primary cilia structure

A

axoneme (9 doublet MT) + 1 basal body

24
Q

motile cilia structure

A

axoneme (9+2 doublet MTs) and no basal body

25
Q

motile cilia

A

found on multi-ciliated epithelial cells in respiratory and reproductive tracts and brain

26
Q

motile cilia are required for _

A

EC fluid flow

27
Q

examples of ciliopathies

A

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and polycystic kidney disease

28
Q

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

A

mutation in genes encoding cilia intraflagellar transport

29
Q

symptoms of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

A

retinal degeneration, loss of smell, kidney dysfunction, polydactyly, obesity, diabetes

30
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

mutation in PKD1 and PKD2 that are found in primary cilia of kidneys

31
Q

polycystic kidney disease symptoms

A

renal cysts, hypertension, pain, and/or UTIs

32
Q

PKD hypothesis

A

primary cilia monitor fluid flow and regulate cell proliferation through calcium signaling through renal tubules –> loss of function blocks signaling pathway which leads to cell proliferation and cyst formation

33
Q

dynein

A

inner and outer arm on motile cilia to facilitate movement

34
Q

respiratory problems

A

immotile respiratory cilia

35
Q

sterility

A

immotile flagella in sperm and cilia in oviduct

36
Q

dynein provides _

A

retrograde movement (back to cell body); minus end motors

37
Q

cause of sinus inversus

A

bilateral symmetry is broken by fluid flow across nodal cells in base of embryo (because of dynein mess up

38
Q

kinesins

A

anterograde movement, plus end motors

39
Q

kinesins play a role in

A

spindle assembly, chromosome segregation, vesicle and organelle transport

40
Q

dyneins play a role in

A

cilia movement, vesicle transport

41
Q

myosin and kinesin _

A

evolved from same protein

42
Q

dynein evolved from _

A

AAA ATPase

43
Q

mechanochemical cycle of kinesin

A

ADP/ATP exchange in leading head causes lagging head to swivel forward; highly processive

44
Q

dynein microtubule motor

A

tail bound to cargo or MT –> goes to first ATP domain –> goes through domains 1-4 –> at stalk, goes up to bind MT –> then goes through 5 and 6 domain

45
Q

axonemical/ciliary dynein

A

dimer or trimer, defective genes in kartagener syndrome

46
Q

cytoplasmic dynein

A

dimer; vesicle movement, spindle and chromosome segregation

47
Q

communication between actin and microtubules

A

cell migration, spindle orientation, vesicle trafficking, immunological synapse

QUIZ 3 (12 decks)

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