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QUIZ 3 > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum extends from _

A

posterior aspect of sternum to anterior aspect of thoracic vertebral column

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2
Q

superior border of mediastinum

A

superior thoracic aperture

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3
Q

inferior border of mediastinum

A

diaphragm

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4
Q

lateral boundaries of mediastinum

A

mediastinal portion of parietal pleura (lining of inner wall of thoracic cavity)

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5
Q

inferior mediastinum includes _

A

anterior, middle, and posterior

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6
Q

superior thoracic aperture is formed by _

A

innermost surface of thoracic rib I, anterior surface of body of thoracic vertebrae I, sternovascular joints, and jugular notch

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7
Q

lower border of SUPERIOR mediastinum

A

linear plane originating from sternal angle (between 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae)

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8
Q

anterior border of superior mediastinum

A

manubrium

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9
Q

posterior border of superior mediastinum

A

body of T1 vertebrae to disc between T4-T5

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10
Q

superior mediastinum contains _

A

thymus, great vessels, brachiocephalic veins, superior SVC, pulmonary trunk and roots of pulmonary arteries, arch of aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery, vagus and phrenic nerves, cardiac plexus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct

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11
Q

thymus

A

most anterior element within superior mediastinum (immediately behind manubrium)

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12
Q

thymus blood supply

A

branches of internal thoracic and internal intercostal artery

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13
Q

L/R brachiocephalic veins

A

lie immediately behind thymus –> merge together posterior to lower border of 1st costal cartilage to form SVC

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14
Q

L/R brachiocephalic veins are formed by _

A

junction of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein (venous angles)

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15
Q

venous angles

A

entry points for elements of lymphatic system (lymphatic on R and thoracic on L)

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16
Q

arch of aorta

A

slightly medial to the SVC, the aorta arches superiorly to the left over the right pulmonary artery then posteriorly behind the left pulmonary artery to continue on as the descending or thoracic aorta

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17
Q

posterior to aortic arch

A

bifurcation of trachea

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18
Q

branches of aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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19
Q

right vagus nerve

A

enters superior mediastinum posterior, laterally to brachiocephalic artery

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20
Q

left vagus nerve

A

enters superior mediastinum between left subclavian artery and left common carotid, passing in front of aortic arch

21
Q

vagus nerves (R+L)

A

will contribute to fibers to pulmonary, cardiac, and esophageal plexuses –> continue course in posterior mediastinum –> will form anterior and posterior vagal trunks

22
Q

phrenic nerves (3,4,5 keeps diaphragm alive!) enter at

A

superior mediastinum b/tw subclavian artery and origin of brachiocephalic veins

23
Q

right phrenic nerve

A

courses inferiorly lateral to the brachiocephalic vein and SVC –> passes anterior to the root of the lung and continues inferiorly towards the diaphragm along the lateral side of the pericardial sac

24
Q

left phrenic nerve

A

courses inferiorly between the left subclavian artery and the left common carotid artery, crossing anteriorly over the aortic arch –> passes over the root of the lung and continues inferiorly towards the diaphragm along the lateral side of the pericardial sac

25
Q

phrenic nerves are accompanies by _

A

branches of pericardriophrenic artery

26
Q

trachea

A

enters superior mediastinum anterior to esophagus –> divides into right and left bronchi at sternal angle

27
Q

esophagus

A

immediately posterior to trachea and anterior to vertebral column

28
Q

anterior border of inferior mediastinum

A

posterior aspect of sternum body

29
Q

posterior border of inferior mediastinum

A

bodies and intervertebral discs of T4/T5-T12

30
Q

inferior mediastinal subdivisions

A

anterior, middle, posterior

31
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

contains sternopericardial ligaments, fat tissue, branches of internal thoracic vessels, thymus

32
Q

anterior boundary of anterior mediastinum

A

body of sternum and anterior thoracic muscles

33
Q

posterior boundary of anterior mediastinum

A

pericardium

34
Q

superior boundary of anterior mediastinum

A

lower boundary of superior mediastinum

35
Q

inferior boundary of anterior mediastinum

A

diaphragm

36
Q

middle mediastinum (pericardium)

A

contains heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, main bronchi, arch of azygous vein

37
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

contains thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes, azygous veins, esophagus, esophageal plexus, thoracic sympathetic trunks, thoracic splanchnic nerves

38
Q

anterior boundary of posterior mediastinum

A

pericardium and portion of diaphragm

39
Q

posterior boundary of posterior mediastinum

A

bodies of thoracic vertebrae T5-T12

40
Q

lateral boundary of posterior mediastinum

A

parietal pleura of thoracic cavity

41
Q

thoracic (descending) aorta

A

begins at T4 and descends from T5-12 along left hand side

42
Q

branches of thoracic aorta

A

bronchial, pericardiam posterior intercostals, superior phrenic, esophageal, mediastinal, subcostal

43
Q

azygous and hemiazygous veins

A

serve as drainage system for back, thoraco-abdominal wall, and mediastinum

44
Q

thoracic duct

A

enters thorax at aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, coursing superiorly between azygous vein and thoracic aorta (behind esophagus)

45
Q

azygous vein

A

ascends in posterior mediastinum on right hand site of bodies of lower 8 vertebrae

46
Q

greater splanchic nerve

A

T5-T9/10

47
Q

lesser splanchic nerve

A

T10-T11

48
Q

least splanchic nerve

A

T12

49
Q

splanchic nerves will course to the abdominal cavity to merge with _

A

specific prevertebral ganglia

QUIZ 3 (12 decks)

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