Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

Beta 2 Agonist Examples

Answer 1

Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol, Formoterol,

Question 2

How do Beta 2 Agonists work?

Answer 2

Stimulating the receptor activates smooth muscle relaxation - improves airflow in constricted airways

Question 3

What are the Short-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?

Answer 3

Salbutamol, Terbutaline

Question 4

What are the Long-Acting Beta 2 Agonists?

Answer 4

Salmeterol, Formoterol

give with corticosteroid

Question 5

Beta 2 Agonist Indications

Answer 5

Asthma, COPD, Hyperkalaemia

Question 6

Beta 2 Agonists Contra-indications

Answer 6

CVD - can promote tachycardia

Question 7

Beta 2 Agonists Side Effects

Answer 7

Tachycardia, Palpitations, Anxiety, Tremor, Muscle cramps

Question 8

Beta 2 Agonists Interactions

Answer 8

Used with theophylline/Corticosteroids = hypokalaemia

Question 9

Antimuscarinic Examples

Answer 9

Ipratropium (SAMA), Tiotropium (LAMA)

Question 10

How do Antimuscarinics work?

Answer 10

Act as a competitive inhibitor to acetylcholine

Blocking the muscarinic receptor = reduces smooth muscle tone

Question 11

Antimuscarinics Indications

Answer 11

COPD, Asthma

Question 12

Antimuscarinic Contra-indications

Answer 12

Closed-Angle gluacoma, Arrythmias

Question 13

Antimuscarinic Side Effects

Answer 13

Headache, Cough, Dry mouth

Question 14

Corticosteroid Examples

Answer 14

Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Mometasone

Question 15

How do Corticosteroids Work?

Answer 15

Down regulate interleukines and cytokines = reduced mucosal inflammation

Question 16

Corticosteroid Indications

Answer 16

Asthma (2nd line), COPD (<50 FEV1)

Question 17

Corticosteroid Contra-indications

Answer 17

Hx of pneumonia, Children

Question 18

Corticosteroid Side Effects

Answer 18

Oral candidiasis, Hoarse voice

pneumonia in COPD Pxs

Question 19

Mucolytics Examples

Answer 19

Carbocisteine, Ambroxol, Acetylcysteine

Question 20

How do Mucolytics work?

Answer 20

Dissolve thick mucus by breaking chemical bonds

Question 21

Mucolytics Indications

Answer 21

COPD, Cystic Fibrosis

Question 22

Mucolytics Side Effects

Answer 22

Bronchospasm (give with salbutamol), GI Bleeding

Question 23

What is an examples of a Methylxanthine?

Answer 23

Theophylline

Question 24

How does Theophylline work?

Answer 24

Competitive phosphodiesterase inhibitor = reduces inflammation in airways

Question 25

Theophylline Indications

Answer 25

COPD and Asthma

Alternative if unable to use inhaler / resistant to treatment

Question 26

What do you need to be careful off in Theophylline?

Answer 26

Many contra-indications, side-effects, and interactions

Question 27

How can you give Oxygen?

Answer 27

Reservoir mask, Venturi Mask, Nasal cannula, Non-rebreathe mask

Question 28

Oxygen Indications

Answer 28

Hypoxia, Pneumothorax, Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 29

Oxygen Contra-indications

Answer 29

Type 2 Respiratory Failure (can = respiratory acidosis)