GI Drugs

Question 1

Antacid Examples

Answer 1

Alka-Seltzer, Milk of Magnesia, Gaviscon, Pepto-Bismol

Question 2

How do Antacids work?

Answer 2

Contain aluminium/calcium/magnesium (alkalis) = counteract stomach acid to reduced pH

Question 3

Antacid Indications

Answer 3

Reflux, Indigestion, Belching, Heartburn

Question 4

Why must Antacids be taken 2 hours separate to other drugs?

Answer 4

Because pH is elevated - the absorption of numerous other drugs may be changed

Question 5

H2 Antagonist Examples

Answer 5

Cimetidine, Ranitidine

Question 6

How do H2 Antagonists Work?

Answer 6

Block histamine at parietal cells = Impairs acid secretion

Question 7

H2 Antagonist Indications

Answer 7

GERD, PUD, Zollinger-Ellison Disease

Question 8

Proton Pump Inhibitor Examples

Answer 8

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole

Question 9

How do Proton Pump Inhibitors Work?

Answer 9

Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells

Question 10

Proton Pump Inhibitors Indications

Answer 10

PUD, GERD, H.pylori infection (in combination with antibiotics)

Question 11

Proton Pump Inhibitors Side Effects

Answer 11

GI Disturbance, Headache, Hypomagnesaemia

Question 12

What diseases should you be aware of before giving Proton Pump Inhibitors?

Answer 12

Gastric cancer, Osteoporosis

Question 13

Anti-Diarrhoeals Examples

Answer 13

Loperamide (imodium), Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Question 14

How does Loperamide work?

Answer 14

Slows down how fast things move through bowel = more reabsorbed fluid

Question 15

How does Bismuth Subsalicylate work?

Answer 15

Reduced inflammation and bacteria in bowel

Question 16

When should you not give Loperamide?

Answer 16

Acute Ulcerative Colitis, Bloody diarrhoea (bacteria)

Question 17

What are the different types of Laxative?

Answer 17

Bulk-forming, Hyperosmotic, Stimulant, Stool Softening, Lubricants

Question 18

Laxative Indications

Answer 18

Constipation, Before Surgery/Colonoscopy

Question 19

Laxatives Contra-Indications

Answer 19

Children, Crohn’s, Ulcerative Colitis

Question 20

Aminosalicylate Examples

Answer 20

Mesalamine, Olsalazine, Sulfasalazine

Question 21

Aminosalicylate Indications

Answer 21

Ulcerative Colitis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (sulfasalzine acts as DMARD)

Question 22

How do Aminosalicylates work?

Answer 22

Release 5-aminosalicylic acid = anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive

Question 23

Sensitivity to what drug means Aminosalicylates shouldn’t be taken?

Answer 23

Aspirin

Question 24

Main Types of Anti-Emetics

Answer 24

D2 Receptor Antagonists, H2 Receptor Antagonists, Phenothiazines, Serotonin Antagonists