Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Bronchodilators : Beta- Adrenergic Agonists
Prototypes: albuterol & salmeterol
MOA: Beta 2 agonists
Selective V. Non-Selective
Short acting V. Long acting
Indications: Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Allergy, Uncontrolled HTN or Dysrhythmias, Inc. Risk of Stroke
Adverse Effects: R/T Selective V. Non-Selective
Interactions: Beta Blockers, Diabetics
Nursing Considerations ?????
Bronchodilators: Anticholinergics
Prototype: ipratropium
MOA: Block ACh from binding
Indications: Prevention of Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Allergy to Atropine, Glaucoma, BPH
Adverse Effects: Dry Mouth, Anxiety, Coughing,
Interactions: Additive effects
Nursing Considerations ??????
Bronchodilators : Xanthine Derivatives
Prototype: theophylline (Caffeine)
MOA: Prevents Breakdown of cAMP
Indications: Bronchospasms unrelieved by other medications
Contraindications: Dysrhythmias, Seizures, liver impairment
Adverse Effects: “LOTS of coffee”
Interactions: Caffeine, St. John’s Wart, pg. 595
Nursing Considerations ????
Nonbronchodilating: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
Prototype: - montelukast
MOA: Block Inflammatory Response
Indications: Prophylactic Seasonal Allergy
Contraindications: Specific Allergy to the drug or components of drug
Adverse Effects: Liver Dysfunction
Interactions: Phenobarbital & Rifampin
Nursing Considerations:
Nonbronchodilating : Corticosteroids
Prototype: methylprednisolone
MOA: Stabilize Cell Wall & Inc. smooth muscle response to beta stimulation
Indications: Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to glucocorticosteroids, Fungal Infections
Adverse Effects: pharyngeal irritation, Oral infections,
Adrenal suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, CNS stimulation, Hyperglycemia
Interactions: antidiabetic meds., inc. levels of immunosuppressants, antifungals dec. clearance of steroids. Pg. 599
Nursing Considerations??????
Antihistamines
Prototypes: diphenhydramine & loratadine
MOA: H1 Antagonists
Indicated for Allergies and Colds
Contraindicated: Allergy, Glaucoma and HTN
Adverse Effects: Sedative V. Nonsedative
Interactions: Additive V. Competitive
Nursing Considerations ???
Decongestants
Prototype: phenylephrine
MOA: Shrink Mucosal Membranes
Indication: Nasal Congestion
Contraindication: Glaucoma, HTN, CV Dx, Diabetes
Adverse Effect: Alpha-Adrenergic V. Steroids
Interaction: Few mainly HTN effects
Nursing Considerations
Antitussives
Prototypes: Codeine & benzonatate
MOA: Suppresses Cough Center in the CNS
Indications: Non-Productive Cough
Contraindications: Dec. LOC, Resp. Suppression, HTN*
Adverse Effects: CNS depression V. Cardiac stimulation
Interactions: CNS Depressants
Nursing Considerations
Expectorants
Prototype: guaifenesin
MOA: Loosen & Thin Secretions
Indications: Relief of Cough associated with non-chronic coughs
Contraindications: Drug Allergy
Adverse Effects: N/V/gastric irritation
Interactions: No Known Significant
Nursing Considerations
