Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
What are antileukotrienes primarily used for?
A
They are primarily used for the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
2
Q
True or False: Antileukotriene medications can cause liver function abnormalities.
A
True
3
Q
Name one common adverse effect of antileukotrienes.
A
Headache
4
Q
Fill in the blank: Antileukotrienes work by blocking the action of _______.
A
leukotrienes
5
Q
What is a serious potential adverse effect of montelukast?
A
Neuropsychiatric events, including depression and suicidal thoughts.
6
Q
Which antileukotriene is associated with eosinophilic conditions?
A
Zafirlukast
7
Q
True or False: Antileukotrienes can be used in combination with corticosteroids.
A
True
8
Q
What is the nursing implication regarding monitoring liver function tests?
A
Nurses should monitor liver function tests periodically in patients taking zafirlukast.
9
Q
Identify a drug interaction that may occur with antileukotrienes.
A
Warfarin; antileukotrienes can enhance the anticoagulant effect.
10
Q
What should patients be advised to report while on antileukotriene therapy?
A
Any mood changes or signs of depression.
11
Q
True or False: Antileukotrienes should be taken with food.
A
False; they can be taken with or without food.
12
Q
What is the recommended age for prescribing montelukast?
A
Montelukast can be prescribed for children as young as 12 months.
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The mechanism of action of antileukotrienes involves the inhibition of _______ receptors.
A
leukotriene
14
Q
Which antileukotriene requires monitoring for potential QT interval prolongation?
A
Zafirlukast
15
Q
List one nursing assessment that should be performed before starting antileukotriene therapy.
A
Assess for a history of liver disease.
16
Q
True or False: Antileukotrienes can cause gastrointestinal disturbances.
A
True
17
Q
What is a common dosage form for montelukast?
A
Chewable tablets
18
Q
True or False: Antileukotrienes can be used as a rescue medication for acute asthma attacks.
A
False; they are not indicated for acute attacks.
19
Q
What are the two main types of antileukotrienes?
A
Leukotriene receptor antagonists and leukotriene synthesis inhibitors.
20
Q
What is the nursing implication regarding patient education for antileukotrienes?
A
Educate patients on the importance of adherence to prescribed therapy.
21
Q
What adverse effect is more common in children taking montelukast?
A
Behavioral changes
22
Q
Fill in the blank: Antileukotrienes may interact with _______ inhibitors.
A
CYP450
23
Q
What should be monitored in patients taking zafirlukast?
A
Liver function tests
24
Q
True or False: Antileukotriene therapy can lead to an increase in respiratory infections.
A
False; there is no direct evidence of increased infections.
25
What is the role of antileukotrienes in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction?
They can be used as a preventive treatment before exercise.
26
What is the primary action of xanthine class respiratory drugs?
They act as bronchodilators, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.
27
True or False: Xanthine drugs are primarily used to treat asthma.
True
28
Fill in the blank: The xanthine class of drugs includes __________.
theophylline
29
What is a common adverse effect of xanthine drugs?
Nausea and vomiting
30
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of xanthine drugs? A) Insomnia B) Diarrhea C) Drowsiness D) Tachycardia
C) Drowsiness
31
What is a nursing implication when administering xanthine drugs?
Monitor therapeutic drug levels to avoid toxicity.
32
True or False: Xanthine drugs can interact with certain antibiotics.
True
33
What is the mechanism of action of xanthine drugs?
They inhibit phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cAMP levels.
34
Fill in the blank: The therapeutic range for theophylline is __________ mcg/mL.
10-20
35
Multiple Choice: Which of the following can increase the metabolism of xanthine drugs? A) Smoking B) Grapefruit juice C) Cimetidine D) Allopurinol
A) Smoking
36
What are the signs of xanthine toxicity?
Tachycardia, nausea, and seizures.
37
True or False: Xanthine drugs are effective in acute asthma attacks.
False
38
What should be monitored in patients taking xanthine drugs?
Heart rate and signs of toxicity.
39
Fill in the blank: Xanthine drugs may cause __________ due to their stimulant effects.
insomnia
40
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for xanthine drugs? A) Peptic ulcer disease B) Asthma C) COPD D) Allergic rhinitis
A) Peptic ulcer disease
41
What is an important drug interaction with xanthine drugs?
They can interact with erythromycin and fluoroquinolones.
42
True or False: Caffeine is a member of the xanthine class.
True
43
What should patients be advised to avoid while taking xanthine drugs?
Excessive caffeine intake.
44
Fill in the blank: The xanthine drug __________ is often used for long-term management of asthma.
theophylline
45
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a side effect of xanthine drugs? A) Weight gain B) Hypoglycemia C) Increased urination D) Sedation
C) Increased urination
46
What are the common routes of administration for xanthine drugs?
Oral and intravenous.
47
True or False: Xanthine drugs can cause gastrointestinal disturbances.
True
48
What is the primary therapeutic use of theophylline?
To prevent bronchospasm in patients with asthma or COPD.
49
Fill in the blank: The xanthine class of drugs requires __________ monitoring due to potential toxicity.
serum level
50
Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications can increase the effects of xanthine drugs? A) Phenobarbital B) Verapamil C) Rifampin D) All of the above
B) Verapamil
51
What is a key nursing consideration when educating patients on xanthine drugs?
Instruct patients to report any signs of toxicity promptly.
52
What class of drug is Salmeterol?
Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist (LABA).
53
True or False: Salmeterol is used for acute asthma attacks.
False: Salmeterol is not intended for acute asthma attacks.
54
Fill in the blank: Salmeterol is primarily used to manage __________ and __________.
asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
55
What is the mechanism of action of Salmeterol?
Salmeterol works by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchodilation.
56
What is the recommended route of administration for Salmeterol?
Inhalation.
57
True or False: Salmeterol can be used as a monotherapy for asthma.
False: Salmeterol should not be used as monotherapy; it should be combined with inhaled corticosteroids.
58
What is a key nursing implication when administering Salmeterol?
Monitor the patient for cardiovascular effects, such as increased heart rate.
59
List one important client teaching point for Salmeterol.
Clients should be instructed to use Salmeterol regularly for best results, not just when symptoms occur.
60
What is the onset of action for Salmeterol?
The onset of action is approximately 30 minutes.
61
How often should Salmeterol be administered?
Salmeterol is typically administered twice daily.
62
True or False: Salmeterol can be used in patients with a history of tachyarrhythmias.
True: Caution is advised, but it can be used if benefits outweigh risks.
63
What is a common side effect of Salmeterol?
Tremors.
64
What should patients do if they miss a dose of Salmeterol?
They should take it as soon as they remember, but skip it if it's almost time for the next dose.
65
What is the maximum dose of Salmeterol for adults?
The maximum dose for adults is 100 mcg per day.
66
Fill in the blank: Salmeterol should not be used more than __________ times a day.
twice
67
What type of inhaler is used for Salmeterol?
A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) or a dry powder inhaler (DPI).
68
True or False: Salmeterol can be safely combined with other bronchodilators.
True: It can be combined with short-acting bronchodilators, but should be monitored.
69
What should a patient do if they experience chest pain while taking Salmeterol?
They should contact their healthcare provider immediately.
70
What is a major contraindication for using Salmeterol?
Hypersensitivity to Salmeterol or any component of the formulation.
71
What is the brand name for Salmeterol?
Serevent.
72
How does Salmeterol differ from short-acting beta agonists?
Salmeterol has a prolonged duration of action, typically lasting 12 hours.
73
Fill in the blank: Patients should be advised to rinse their mouth after using __________ to prevent oral thrush.
Salmeterol
74
What should be monitored in patients taking Salmeterol, especially if they have diabetes?
Blood glucose levels.
75
True or False: Salmeterol can cause paradoxical bronchospasm.
True.
76
What is the importance of patient education regarding the use of Salmeterol?
To ensure they understand it is a maintenance medication and not a rescue inhaler.
77
What is a common contraindication for Beta 2 respiratory drugs?
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
78
True or False: Beta 2 agonists are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
True.
79
Fill in the blank: Patients with ________ should use Beta 2 drugs with caution due to potential heart complications.
cardiovascular disorders.
80
Which condition may lead to the contraindication of Beta 2 agonists?
Severe arrhythmias.
81
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for Beta 2 respiratory drugs? A) Hyperthyroidism B) Diabetes C) Asthma D) Seizure disorders
C) Asthma.
82
True or False: Use of Beta 2 agonists is contraindicated in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
True.
83
What should be monitored in patients using Beta 2 agonists who have a history of seizures?
Seizure frequency and severity.
84
Fill in the blank: Beta 2 agonists may exacerbate ________ in patients with certain pre-existing conditions.
hypokalemia.
85
Which type of Beta 2 drug should be avoided in patients with a known hypersensitivity?
Short-acting Beta 2 agonists.
86
True or False: Beta 2 agonists are safe for use in pregnant women.
False; they should be used with caution.
87
What is a potential risk when using Beta 2 agonists in patients with diabetes?
Increased blood glucose levels.
88
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for Beta 2 agonists? A) COPD B) Hypersensitivity C) Allergic rhinitis D) Mild asthma
B) Hypersensitivity.
89
Fill in the blank: Beta 2 agonists can cause ________ in patients with pre-existing heart conditions.
tachycardia.
90
True or False: Patients with a history of stroke should avoid Beta 2 agonists.
True.
91
What must be considered when prescribing Beta 2 agonists to patients with hyperthyroidism?
Increased risk of cardiovascular side effects.
92
Which patient population should be carefully evaluated before using Beta 2 drugs?
Elderly patients.
93
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a contraindication for Beta 2 agonists? A) Mild allergies B) Asthma C) Severe cardiovascular disease D) Common cold
C) Severe cardiovascular disease.
94
Fill in the blank: Beta 2 agonists should be used cautiously in patients with ________ due to potential drug interactions.
concurrent use of MAO inhibitors.
95
True or False: Beta 2 agonists can be safely used in patients with well-controlled asthma.
True.
96
What is a key monitoring parameter for patients on Beta 2 agonists?
Heart rate and rhythm.
97
Which specific Beta 2 agonist is often contraindicated in patients with a history of tachyarrhythmias?
Albuterol.
98
Fill in the blank: The use of Beta 2 agonists is contraindicated in patients with ________ due to risk of worsening condition.
severe hypertension.
99
True or False: Patients with a history of drug abuse should be cautious when using Beta 2 agonists.
True.
100
What action should be taken if a patient experiences adverse effects while using a Beta 2 agonist?
Discontinue the medication and consult a healthcare provider.
101
What is the primary action of beta 2 agonist respiratory drugs?
They relax bronchial smooth muscles to improve airflow.
102
True or False: Beta 2 agonists can cause tachycardia as a side effect.
True
103
Fill in the blank: Common beta 2 agonist medications include __________ and __________.
albuterol, salmeterol
104
What is a common adverse effect of beta 2 agonists related to the heart?
Palpitations
105
Which patient population should use beta 2 agonists with caution due to potential cardiovascular effects?
Patients with pre-existing heart conditions
106
True or False: Beta 2 agonists can lead to hypokalemia.
True
107
What should a nurse monitor in patients receiving beta 2 agonists?
Heart rate and potassium levels
108
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a serious adverse effect of beta 2 agonists? A) Nausea B) Chest pain C) Dizziness
B) Chest pain
109
What is the role of beta 2 agonists in asthma management?
They are used as bronchodilators to relieve acute asthma symptoms.
110
Fill in the blank: Beta 2 agonists are often delivered via __________ or nebulizers.
inhalers
111
True or False: Long-acting beta 2 agonists should be used as a rescue medication.
False
112
What should patients be advised to do after using a beta 2 agonist inhaler?
Rinse their mouth to prevent oral thrush.
113
What is a potential effect of overuse of beta 2 agonists?
Tolerance leading to decreased effectiveness
114
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of beta 2 agonists? A) Tremors B) Increased appetite C) Insomnia
B) Increased appetite
115
What class of drug do beta 2 agonists belong to?
Bronchodilators
116
True or False: Beta 2 agonists can be used in conjunction with corticosteroids for asthma management.
True
117
What nursing implication is important when administering beta 2 agonists to elderly patients?
Assess for increased sensitivity to side effects.
118
Fill in the blank: The onset of action for short-acting beta 2 agonists is typically __________ minutes.
5 to 15
119
What is the maximum frequency for using a short-acting beta 2 agonist in a day?
Typically, no more than 8 puffs per day.
120
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of beta 2 agonists? A) Constipation B) Nervousness C) Weight loss
B) Nervousness
121
What should a nurse include in patient education regarding beta 2 agonists?
Proper inhaler technique and the importance of adherence to prescribed doses.
122
True or False: Beta 2 agonists are effective for treating chronic bronchitis.
True
123
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta 2 agonists?
Activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors leading to bronchodilation.
124
Fill in the blank: Beta 2 agonists can cause __________, which is a common side effect in patients.
tremors
125
What should nurses assess before administering beta 2 agonists?
Baseline lung function and vital signs.
126
What are beta adrenergic receptors primarily responsible for?
Regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions.
127
True or False: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily found in the heart.
True.
128
What is a common adverse effect of beta-agonists?
Tachycardia.
129
Fill in the blank: Beta blockers are contraindicated in patients with __________.
Asthma.
130
Which beta adrenergic receptor subtype is associated with bronchial dilation?
Beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
131
What is the primary use of beta-adrenergic agonists?
To treat asthma and COPD.
132
True or False: Beta blockers can cause fatigue and depression.
True.
133
List one contraindication for the use of beta blockers.
Severe bradycardia.
134
What is the effect of beta-1 stimulation on cardiac output?
It increases cardiac output.
135
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of beta-adrenergic agonists? A) Tremors B) Hypoglycemia C) Palpitations D) Headache
B) Hypoglycemia.
136
What can excessive beta-2 agonist use lead to?
Tachyphylaxis.
137
Fill in the blank: Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of __________.
Hypoglycemia.
138
True or False: Beta-adrenergic antagonists can exacerbate bronchospasms in asthmatic patients.
True.
139
What is the mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic agonists?
They activate beta receptors to produce effects like relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
140
Name one cardiovascular adverse effect of beta adrenergic drugs.
Hypertension.
141
What is a potential effect of beta-2 agonists on the skeletal muscles?
Increased tremors.
142
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conditions is a contraindication for beta-adrenergic agonists? A) Heart failure B) Hypertension C) COPD D) Hyperthyroidism
A) Heart failure.
143
What adverse effect can result from the use of beta-adrenergic antagonists in diabetic patients?
Increased risk of severe hypoglycemia.
144
True or False: Patients with a history of severe allergic reactions should avoid beta blockers.
False.
145
What is the primary clinical concern when prescribing beta-adrenergic medications?
Monitoring for cardiovascular effects.
146
Fill in the blank: Beta-adrenergic blockers may lead to __________ in patients with asthma.
Bronchoconstriction.
147
What is the role of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the body?
To mediate smooth muscle relaxation in the airways.
148
Multiple Choice: Which beta blocker is selective for beta-1 receptors? A) Propranolol B) Atenolol C) Carvedilol D) Labetalol
B) Atenolol.
149
What should be monitored in patients taking beta-adrenergic agonists?
Heart rate and blood pressure.
150
True or False: Beta-adrenergic medications can cause insomnia.
True.
151
What is a common side effect associated with the abrupt withdrawal of beta blockers?
Rebound hypertension.
152
What are antileukotriene drugs primarily used for?
Antileukotriene drugs are primarily used for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
153
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs can only be used in children over the age of 12.
False: Antileukotriene drugs can be used in children as young as 1 year old, depending on the specific medication.
154
Which of the following is a common antileukotriene drug? A) Montelukast B) Ibuprofen C) Acetaminophen
A) Montelukast
155
What is the usual frequency of administration for Montelukast?
Montelukast is typically administered once daily.
156
Fill in the blank: Antileukotriene drugs can cause _______ in some patients.
side effects
157
List one common side effect of antileukotriene drugs.
Common side effects include headache, dizziness, or gastrointestinal disturbances.
158
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs can be taken with food.
True: Montelukast can be taken with or without food.
159
What is a major contraindication for the use of antileukotriene drugs?
A known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.
160
Short answer: What should be monitored in patients taking antileukotriene drugs?
Liver function and signs of mood changes should be monitored.
161
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs are effective in treating acute asthma attacks.
False: Antileukotriene drugs are not effective for acute asthma attacks.
162
What is the mechanism of action of antileukotriene drugs?
They block leukotriene receptors or inhibit leukotriene synthesis.
163
Fill in the blank: Antileukotriene drugs are often used as _______ therapy in asthma management.
adjunct
164
Which patient population should use antileukotriene drugs with caution?
Patients with a history of psychiatric disorders.
165
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs can interact with other medications.
True: They can interact with certain medications, such as warfarin.
166
What is the recommended age for using Zafirlukast?
Zafirlukast is recommended for children aged 5 years and older.
167
Short answer: Name one nursing implication for patients on antileukotriene drugs.
Educate patients about the importance of adherence to prescribed therapy.
168
What should patients be advised to report while taking antileukotriene drugs?
Any changes in mood or behavior, including depression or suicidal thoughts.
169
Fill in the blank: Antileukotriene drugs are not recommended for patients with _______.
active liver disease
170
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs can be used as a first-line treatment for asthma.
False: They are generally not first-line treatments.
171
What is the dosing frequency for Zafirlukast?
Zafirlukast is typically taken twice daily.
172
Short answer: What lifestyle modifications should be encouraged for patients taking antileukotriene drugs?
Smoking cessation and avoiding allergens.
173
What is a potential serious side effect of antileukotriene drugs?
Churg-Strauss syndrome, a rare vasculitis.
174
Fill in the blank: Antileukotriene drugs are classified under _______ medications.
anti-inflammatory
175
True or False: Antileukotriene drugs can help reduce exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
True: They are effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma symptoms.
176
What is the primary therapeutic goal of antileukotriene therapy?
To reduce airway inflammation and improve lung function.
177
Short answer: What is an important consideration for dosing in patients with renal impairment?
Dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with severe renal impairment.
178
179
What does COPD stand for?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
180
True or False: Inhalers are the primary treatment for COPD.
True
181
Name one type of bronchodilator used in COPD treatment.
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs)
182
What is the action of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in COPD?
They relax the muscles around the airways to improve airflow.
183
Fill in the blank: Corticosteroids are indicated for patients with _____ COPD.
moderate to severe
184
Which inhaler is typically used as a rescue medication in COPD?
Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)
185
What is the primary purpose of anticholinergic inhalers in COPD?
To reduce bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.
186
True or False: Patients should use inhalers only when they experience symptoms.
False
187
What is an example of a long-acting anticholinergic inhaler?
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
188
What is a common side effect of beta-agonist inhalers?
Tachycardia
189
What should clients be taught about the use of inhalers?
How to properly use and clean the inhaler.
190
Name one nursing implication when administering inhalers.
Assess the patient's respiratory status before and after use.
191
True or False: Inhaled corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation in COPD patients.
True
192
What is the recommended technique for using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
Shake the inhaler, exhale fully, and then inhale while pressing the inhaler.
193
Fill in the blank: Patients should be advised to hold their breath for _____ seconds after inhaling medication.
10
194
What is the role of nebulizers in COPD management?
To deliver medication in a mist form for easier inhalation.
195
Name one example of a combination inhaler for COPD.
Breztri Aerosphere (budesonide/formoterol)
196
What should patients do if they miss a dose of their inhaler?
Take the missed dose as soon as they remember, unless it's almost time for the next dose.
197
True or False: It is safe to share inhalers with others.
False
198
What is a key sign that a COPD inhaler is working effectively?
Improvement in breathing and reduction in wheezing.
199
What should clients be instructed to monitor while using inhalers?
Their symptoms and any side effects experienced.
200
Fill in the blank: _____ inhalers require the patient to use a spacer for optimal delivery.
Metered-dose
201
What is the recommended frequency for using a rescue inhaler?
As needed for acute symptoms.
202
Name a contraindication for using beta-agonist inhalers.
Severe cardiovascular disease
203
True or False: Regular use of rescue inhalers can indicate worsening COPD.
True
204
What is the primary goal of COPD inhaler therapy?
To improve airflow and reduce symptoms.
