Pharmacology Common Terms Flashcards
What is pharmacology?
The study of drugs and their effects on the body.
True or False: Pharmacodynamics refers to how the body affects a drug.
False
What does pharmacokinetics study?
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the amount of drug that is available to the target tissue after administration.
bioavailability
What is the definition of ‘half-life’ in pharmacology?
The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half.
Multiple Choice: Which term describes the unintended effects of a drug? A) Therapeutic effects B) Side effects C) Adverse effects D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What does the term ‘therapeutic index’ refer to?
The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug.
True or False: A drug with a high therapeutic index is considered safer than one with a low therapeutic index.
True
What is meant by ‘drug interaction’?
When the effects of one drug are altered by the presence of another drug.
Fill in the blank: The _____ route of administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream.
intravenous
What does ‘contraindication’ mean?
A specific situation in which a drug should not be used.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method of drug administration? A) Oral B) Intramuscular C) Subcutaneous D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the purpose of a loading dose?
To quickly achieve a therapeutic drug concentration in the bloodstream.
True or False: Generic drugs are always less effective than brand-name drugs.
False
What does the term ‘potency’ refer to in pharmacology?
The amount of drug needed to produce a desired effect.
Fill in the blank: _____ are chemical substances that bind to receptors and activate them.
Agonists
What is the role of an antagonist in pharmacology?
To block the action of agonists at receptor sites.
Multiple Choice: Which term describes the study of how drugs interact with living organisms? A) Toxicology B) Pharmacogenetics C) Pharmacodynamics D) Pharmacotherapy
C) Pharmacodynamics
What is ‘adverse drug reaction’?
An unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug.
True or False: All medications have the potential for side effects.
True
What does ‘therapeutic effect’ mean?
The desired, beneficial effect of a drug.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a standard measurement used to express the concentration of a drug in the body.
dosage
What is the ‘first-pass effect’?
The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a route of drug elimination? A) Renal B) Fecal C) Pulmonary D) Dermal
D) Dermal
What does ‘cumulative effect’ refer to?
The increased effect of a drug resulting from repeated doses.
True or False: Tolerance occurs when a drug’s effectiveness decreases over time.
True
What is a drug?
1. Any chemical
2. Medication only
3. Any chemical that can affect living processes
4. All of the above
- Any chemical that can affect living processes
What is the study of drugs in humans called?
Clinical pharmacology
What is the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems called?
Pharmacology
What is also known as pharmacotherapeutics
The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy?
Therapeutics
Name the three properties most important for an ideal drug.
Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity
What is the most important property a drug can have?
Effectiveness
What is the therapeutic Objectiveof Drug Therapy?
To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
Name the four major pharmacokinetic processes
Drug absorption
Drug distribution
Drug metabolism
Drug excretion
Name three variables for an individual variation of drugs
Pathologic
Physiologic
Generic
Name the six Rights of Medication Administration
Right drug
Right patient
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Name six preadministration high-risk factors to assess
Liver and kidney impairment
Genetic factors
Drug allergies
Pregnancy
Older adult or pediatric age group
Tools: Patient history, physical examination, and laboratory results
Assessing the client’s capacity for self-care applies to all clients True or False
True
How many identifiers are needed for client verification for medication administration?
1. One
2. Four
3. Three
4. Two
- Two
True or False- A nurse may give a medication even if you do not know the drug’s action.
False
Drug therapy can often be enhanced by nondrug measures name four
Biofeedback, Emotional support, Smoking cessation, Sodium restriction,
Is it necessary to assess the therapeutic response to a PRN medication? Yes or No
Yes
What knowledge must the nurse know about a medication for effective patient or client education?
Here is an easy way to remember: Mysterious Dermatologists Tossed Rough Dreamy Mushrooms
Medication ( names)
Dose
Time
Route
Duration of treatment
Method of storage
Name the steps in the Nursing Process
Assess
Analyze
Plan
Implement
Evaluate
Can you name the steps in the Clinical Judgment Model?
There are six steps.
Recognize cues
Analyze cues
Prioritize hypotheses
Generate solutions
Take action
Evaluate outcomes
Which steps in the Clinical Judgment does the nurse collect baseline data to assess a therapeutic response or for an adverse effect of a drug?
Recognize and Analyze cues
What steps does a nurse identify high-risk patients
Determine the patient’s capacity for self-care
Judge the appropriateness of the prescribed regimen?
Analyze/Analyze Cues and Prioritize Hypotheses
When was the Federal Pure Food and Drug Act? For what purpose?
1906 - Prohibited the sale of misbranded drugs and food
What act required new drugs to undergo pre-market safety evaluations?
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
What act gave the FDA the authority to delay or block the marketing of new drugs?
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 1938
This important act categorizes substances into five schedules based on their medical use, potential for abuse, and safety. Can you name this Act?
Controlled Substances Act, 1970
What was Kefauer Harris Act 1962?
Drug Investigations Efficacy and safety
Why is genotoxicity important in nursing pharmacology?
Because nurses who handle anti-neoplastic drugs may experience increased genetic damage due to occupational exposure
Cisplatin, and carboplatin are examples of what kind of drugs?
Genotoxic drugs ( drugs that can damage DNA and cause mutations)
Name three reference books for nurses for drug information.
Physicians Desk Reference
Drugs Facts and Comparisons
Nursing Drug References
