Resp Pathohysiology Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
True or False: The diaphragm is the main muscle used in breathing.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of inhalation is primarily driven by a decrease in __________ pressure within the thoracic cavity.
intrapleural
What are the two main types of respiratory failure?
Type 1 (hypoxemic) and Type 2 (hypercapnic).
Which condition is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and increased mucus production?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?
To reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevent collapse.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory distress? A) Asthma B) Pneumonia C) Hypertension
C) Hypertension
What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli?
Pulmonary edema.
True or False: Asthma is primarily a restrictive lung disease.
False
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for asthma?
Bronchodilators.
Fill in the blank: The __________ reflex helps protect the lungs from irritants by initiating coughing.
cough
What is a common symptom of pneumonia?
Cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Multiple Choice: Which type of lung disease is characterized by a reduction in lung volume? A) Obstructive B) Restrictive C) Both
B) Restrictive
What is the significance of the FEV1/FVC ratio in pulmonary function tests?
It helps differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases.
True or False: Oxygen therapy is contraindicated in patients with COPD.
False
What is the primary cause of pulmonary hypertension?
Increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often due to left heart failure or lung disease.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes wheezing and difficulty breathing.
Asthma
What is the role of leukotrienes in asthma?
They contribute to inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Multiple Choice: Which medication class is commonly used for long-term control of asthma? A) Antihistamines B) Corticosteroids C) Antibiotics
B) Corticosteroids
What is the function of the respiratory center in the brain?
To regulate the rate and depth of breathing.
True or False: Smoking is a major risk factor for developing lung cancer.
True
What is the primary diagnostic tool used to assess lung function?
Spirometry.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a condition where the airways become narrowed and obstructed, leading to difficulty in breathing.
Asthma
What are common triggers for asthma attacks?
Allergens, exercise, cold air, and respiratory infections.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress? A) Cyanosis B) Euphoria C) Drowsiness
A) Cyanosis
What is the purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation?
To improve the physical and emotional well-being of patients with chronic lung diseases.
