Pharmacology /Nursing Flashcards
drugs used to treat upper and lower respiratory diseases and their respective mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and indications for use, dosages, and routes of administration, cautions, contraindications, toxic and adverse effects of bronchodilators and other respiratory drugs.
What is the primary purpose of respiratory drugs used to treat upper respiratory conditions?
To relieve symptoms associated with upper respiratory tract infections, such as congestion, cough, and inflammation.
True or False: Antihistamines are commonly used to treat allergies and upper respiratory symptoms.
True
Fill in the blank: Decongestants work by _______ blood vessels in the nasal passages.
constricting
What is the mechanism of action for corticosteroids in treating upper respiratory conditions?
They reduce inflammation and immune response in the airways.
Which class of drugs is typically used to suppress cough?
Cough suppressants or antitussives.
Name one common side effect of antihistamines.
Drowsiness
What is the difference between a first-generation and second-generation antihistamine?
First-generation antihistamines often cause sedation, while second-generation antihistamines are less sedating.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a nasal decongestant? A) Diphenhydramine B) Pseudoephedrine C) Loratadine
B) Pseudoephedrine
True or False: Expectorants are used to thin mucus and make it easier to expel.
True
What is the primary use of mucolytics in respiratory pharmacology?
To break down mucus and facilitate its clearance from the respiratory tract.
Fill in the blank: The main ingredient in many cough syrups is _______.
dextromethorphan
Which drug class is often prescribed for allergic rhinitis?
Antihistamines
What is the role of saline nasal sprays in upper respiratory treatment?
To moisturize the nasal passages and help clear mucus.
Name one potential risk of using prolonged decongestant nasal sprays.
Rebound congestion
True or False: Corticosteroids can be administered orally or via inhalation.
True
What is a common brand name for a nasal corticosteroid?
Fluticasone
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an upper respiratory drug? A) Mucinex B) Albuterol C) Benadryl
B) Albuterol
What should patients be advised about when taking antihistamines?
They may cause drowsiness; caution should be taken when driving or operating machinery.
Fill in the blank: The use of _______ is contraindicated in patients with hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive properties.
decongestants
What is the primary action of antihistamines on the body?
They block the action of histamine at H1 receptors.
Name a common side effect of decongestants.
Increased blood pressure
True or False: Cough suppressants should be used for productive coughs.
False
What is the importance of patient education regarding the use of over-the-counter (OTC) respiratory medications?
To ensure proper use, awareness of side effects, and prevention of potential drug interactions.
Fill in the blank: _______ is an example of a drug that can act as both an antihistamine and a decongestant.
Cetirizine
What type of drug is guaifenesin?
An expectorant
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids? A) Insomnia B) Weight loss C) Increased appetite
C) Increased appetite
