Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 1

Nasal Passages
Paranasal sinus
Respiratory muscosa–cells secrete mucous and have cilla
Sneeze or cough stimulated by excessive mucus or particles
Nasopharynx to larynx to trachea
Upper respiratory tract has a resident group of Flora
Lungs are sterile
Pharynx common to food and air–just before separation of trachea and esophagus (epiglottis closes opening to larynx)

Question 2

URT Respiratory mucosa–cells secrete____ and have _____

Answer 2

Mucous, Cilla

Question 3

URT what is a sneeze or cough stimulated by?

Answer 3

excessive mucus or particles

Question 4

URT Nasopharynx to

Answer 4

larynx to trachea

Question 5

URT has a resident group of

Answer 5

Flora

Question 6

Lungs are

Answer 6

sterile

Question 7

Pharynx common to

Answer 7

food and air

Question 8

Just before separation of trachea and esophagus

Answer 8

epiglottis closes opening to larynx

Question 9

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 9

Air from the trachea proceeds to the right and left BRONCHUS
The BRONCHUS branches into smaller BRONCHII
These BRONCHII branch into BRONCHIOLES
Bronchioles have smooth muscle to contract or relax to control size of opening

Question 10

Air from the trachea proceeds to

Answer 10

right and left bronchus

Question 11

The bronchus branch into

Answer 11

smaller bronchii

Question 12

The bronchii branch into

Answer 12

bronchioles

Question 13

Bronchioles have smooth muscle to

Answer 13

contract or relax to control size of opening

Question 14

Bronchodilation occurs when

Answer 14

SNS stimulation relaxes the smooth muscle

Question 15

Air into

Answer 15

ALVEOLI (air sacs)–gas DIFFUSION occurs

Question 16

Alveoli has

Answer 16

thin walls lined with capillaries

Question 17

Right lung has_____ lobes

Answer 17

3

Question 18

Left lung has _____lobes

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Each lung covered with

Answer 19

PLEURAL membrane

Question 20

Visceral pleura attached to

Answer 20

lung

Question 21

Parietal pleura attached to

Answer 21

inside of thoracic cavity

Question 22

Ventilation

Answer 22

Air pressure from high to low pressure
Thoracic cavity increased in length (superior/inferior-piston) by diaphargm
Thoracic cavity increased by external intercostals (Bucket Handle) in lateral direction
Thoracic cavity increased by external intercostals (pump in anterior-posterior direction
Therefore larger space inside, less pressure, and air ruches into lungs
Diaphragm and external intercostals relax
Along with natural elastic recoil allowing thorax to DECREASE in size.
Pressure then increases inside and air is forced out.
Forced inspiration or expiration requires more muscle energy

Question 23

Air pressure from ____ pressure to _____ pressure

Answer 23

High, low

Question 24

Thoracic cavity incresed in length (superior/inferior _____) by _____

Answer 24

Piston, Diaphragm

Question 25

Thoracic cavity increased by External Intercostals in lateral direction

Answer 25

Bucket handle

Question 26

Thoracic cavity increased by External intercostals in ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR direction (larger space inside-less pressure and air rushes into lungs)

Answer 26

Pump

Question 27

Terminology | General

Answer 27

Expectorant Sputum Hemoptysis

Question 28

Expectorant

Answer 28

medication/humidifier to assist removal of secretions

Question 29

Sputum

Answer 29

mucoid discharge from respiratory tract

Question 30

hemoptysis

Answer 30

blood tinged frothy sputum

Question 31

Breath sounds

Answer 31

Crackling (rales) | Wheezing (rhonchi)

Question 32

Crackling (rales)

Answer 32

light bubbly when air is opening closed spaces

Question 33

Wheezing (rhonchi)

Answer 33

High pitched during EXHALATION in LRT

Question 34

Breathing patterns

Answer 34

``` Eupnea Stridor Dyspnea Orthopnea Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ```

Question 35

Eupnea

Answer 35

normal 10-18 bpm

Question 36

Stridor

Answer 36

wheezing like noise during inhalation in URT

Question 37

Dyspnea

Answer 37

subjective discomfort

Question 38

Orthopnea

Answer 38

lying down SOB

Question 39

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 39

Acute waking up coughing/gasping

Question 40

Cyanosis

Answer 40

Bluish color

Question 41

clubbing

Answer 41

firm fibrotic enlargement of finger tips

Question 42

acid-base imbalance (acidosis)

Answer 42

from increased CO2 (decreased expiration)

Question 43

alkylosis

Answer 43

from increased O2

Question 44

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

Answer 44

Pneumonia

Question 45

Lobar pneumonia (Pathology)

Answer 45

fluid builds up in specific lobe (Congestion) Interferes with diffusion of gases. May (consolidate) due to accumulation of fibrin, RBCs, neutriphils etc.

Question 46

Bronchopneumonia (Pathology)

Answer 46

prulent exudate builds up in diffuse pattern in (B) lungs from prior secretions

Question 47

Atypical pneumonia (Pathology)

Answer 47

forms (inflammation) diffuse and interstitial, no great amount of exudate

Question 48

Lobar pneumonia (ET)

Answer 48

streptococcus pneumonia

Question 49

Bronchopneumonia (ET)

Answer 49

many different bacteria

Question 50

Atypical pneumonia (ET)

Answer 50

influenza virus or mycoplasma

Question 51

Risk factors

Answer 51

aspiration lung inflammation pooling of fluids and decreased cilia action (poor coughing etc) immobilization (lying supine for long periods of time)

Question 52

(CF) Lobar pneumonia

Answer 52

- pleura inflammed, - sudden/actute onset with fever/chills - Rales/no breath sounds - Productiive cough (rusty color

Question 53

(CF) Bronchopneumonia

Answer 53

- Mild fever, insidious onset - productive cough, yellow-green - Dyspnea

Question 54

(CF) Atypical pneumonia

Answer 54

- Fever, HA - Aching muscles - Non-productve cough

Question 55

(MT) Lobar pneumonia

Answer 55

antibiotics: penicillin

Question 56

(MT) Bronchopneumonia

Answer 56

antibiotics: check sputum culture

Question 57

(MT) Atypical pneumonia

Answer 57

self limiting usually

Question 58

COPD Emphysema

Answer 58

Tissue degeneration and obstruction; debilitating; irreversible, progressive; cor pulmonale (R CHF) from vasoconstriction of pulmonary blood vessels

Question 59

Pathophysiology COPD

Answer 59

- Destruction of alveolar walls - Inflated alveolar air spaces - Lung tissue lost as blebs develop - Decreased capillaries available - Decreased elasticity of lungs - Fibrosis and thickening of bronchial walls from frequent infections and irritations - Difficulty with expiration due to trapped air