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Rehabilitation Procedures > Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Nasal Passages
Paranasal sinus
Respiratory muscosa–cells secrete mucous and have cilla
Sneeze or cough stimulated by excessive mucus or particles
Nasopharynx to larynx to trachea
Upper respiratory tract has a resident group of Flora
Lungs are sterile
Pharynx common to food and air–just before separation of trachea and esophagus (epiglottis closes opening to larynx)

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2
Q

URT Respiratory mucosa–cells secrete____ and have _____

A

Mucous, Cilla

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3
Q

URT what is a sneeze or cough stimulated by?

A

excessive mucus or particles

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4
Q

URT Nasopharynx to

A

larynx to trachea

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5
Q

URT has a resident group of

A

Flora

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6
Q

Lungs are

A

sterile

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7
Q

Pharynx common to

A

food and air

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8
Q

Just before separation of trachea and esophagus

A

epiglottis closes opening to larynx

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9
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Air from the trachea proceeds to the right and left BRONCHUS
The BRONCHUS branches into smaller BRONCHII
These BRONCHII branch into BRONCHIOLES
Bronchioles have smooth muscle to contract or relax to control size of opening

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10
Q

Air from the trachea proceeds to

A

right and left bronchus

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11
Q

The bronchus branch into

A

smaller bronchii

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12
Q

The bronchii branch into

A

bronchioles

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13
Q

Bronchioles have smooth muscle to

A

contract or relax to control size of opening

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14
Q

Bronchodilation occurs when

A

SNS stimulation relaxes the smooth muscle

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15
Q

Air into

A

ALVEOLI (air sacs)–gas DIFFUSION occurs

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16
Q

Alveoli has

A

thin walls lined with capillaries

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17
Q

Right lung has_____ lobes

A

3

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18
Q

Left lung has _____lobes

A

2

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19
Q

Each lung covered with

A

PLEURAL membrane

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20
Q

Visceral pleura attached to

A

lung

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21
Q

Parietal pleura attached to

A

inside of thoracic cavity

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22
Q

Ventilation

A

Air pressure from high to low pressure
Thoracic cavity increased in length (superior/inferior-piston) by diaphargm
Thoracic cavity increased by external intercostals (Bucket Handle) in lateral direction
Thoracic cavity increased by external intercostals (pump in anterior-posterior direction
Therefore larger space inside, less pressure, and air ruches into lungs
Diaphragm and external intercostals relax
Along with natural elastic recoil allowing thorax to DECREASE in size.
Pressure then increases inside and air is forced out.
Forced inspiration or expiration requires more muscle energy

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23
Q

Air pressure from ____ pressure to _____ pressure

A

High, low

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24
Q

Thoracic cavity incresed in length (superior/inferior _____) by _____

A

Piston, Diaphragm

25
Q

Thoracic cavity increased by External Intercostals in lateral direction

A

Bucket handle

26
Q

Thoracic cavity increased by External intercostals in ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR direction (larger space inside-less pressure and air rushes into lungs)

A

Pump

27
Q

Terminology

General

A

Expectorant
Sputum
Hemoptysis

28
Q

Expectorant

A

medication/humidifier to assist removal of secretions

29
Q

Sputum

A

mucoid discharge from respiratory tract

30
Q

hemoptysis

A

blood tinged frothy sputum

31
Q

Breath sounds

A

Crackling (rales)

Wheezing (rhonchi)

32
Q

Crackling (rales)

A

light bubbly when air is opening closed spaces

33
Q

Wheezing (rhonchi)

A

High pitched during EXHALATION in LRT

34
Q

Breathing patterns

A 
Eupnea
Stridor
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
35
Q

Eupnea

A

normal 10-18 bpm

36
Q

Stridor

A

wheezing like noise during inhalation in URT

37
Q

Dyspnea

A

subjective discomfort

38
Q

Orthopnea

A

lying down SOB

39
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Acute waking up coughing/gasping

40
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish color

41
Q

clubbing

A

firm fibrotic enlargement of finger tips

42
Q

acid-base imbalance (acidosis)

A

from increased CO2 (decreased expiration)

43
Q

alkylosis

A

from increased O2

44
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

A

Pneumonia

45
Q

Lobar pneumonia (Pathology)

A

fluid builds up in specific lobe (Congestion) Interferes with diffusion of gases.
May (consolidate) due to accumulation of fibrin, RBCs, neutriphils etc.

46
Q

Bronchopneumonia (Pathology)

A

prulent exudate builds up in diffuse pattern in (B) lungs from prior secretions

47
Q

Atypical pneumonia (Pathology)

A

forms (inflammation) diffuse and interstitial, no great amount of exudate

48
Q

Lobar pneumonia (ET)

A

streptococcus pneumonia

49
Q

Bronchopneumonia (ET)

A

many different bacteria

50
Q

Atypical pneumonia (ET)

A

influenza virus or mycoplasma

51
Q

Risk factors

A

aspiration
lung inflammation
pooling of fluids and decreased cilia action (poor coughing etc)
immobilization (lying supine for long periods of time)

52
Q

(CF) Lobar pneumonia

A
  • pleura inflammed,
  • sudden/actute onset with fever/chills
  • Rales/no breath sounds
  • Productiive cough (rusty color
53
Q

(CF) Bronchopneumonia

A
  • Mild fever, insidious onset
  • productive cough, yellow-green
  • Dyspnea
54
Q

(CF) Atypical pneumonia

A
  • Fever, HA
  • Aching muscles
  • Non-productve cough
55
Q

(MT) Lobar pneumonia

A

antibiotics: penicillin

56
Q

(MT) Bronchopneumonia

A

antibiotics: check sputum culture

57
Q

(MT) Atypical pneumonia

A

self limiting usually

58
Q

COPD Emphysema

A

Tissue degeneration and obstruction; debilitating; irreversible, progressive; cor pulmonale (R CHF) from vasoconstriction of pulmonary blood vessels

59
Q

Pathophysiology COPD

A
  • Destruction of alveolar walls
  • Inflated alveolar air spaces
  • Lung tissue lost as blebs develop
  • Decreased capillaries available
  • Decreased elasticity of lungs
  • Fibrosis and thickening of bronchial walls from frequent infections and irritations
  • Difficulty with expiration due to trapped air

Rehabilitation Procedures (11 decks)

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