Other Pulmonary Disorders

Question 1

Tuberculosis infection (Pathology)

Answer 1

infection that affects primarily lungs bacteria become walled off in lungs person may be a carrier but not have active TB low resistance may allow it to become active lung tissue destroyed and bacteria spread to other tissue

Question 2

Tuberculosis Cause (Etiology)

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Risk Factors TB

Answer 3

Malnutrition, crowding, alcohol and chronic disease

Question 4

Treatment TB

Answer 4

long term drug treatment

Question 5

Aspiration (Pathology)

Answer 5

solid objects trapped leads to obstructed airflow, collapse of area distal to object and possible loss of consciousness depending on object, may develop inflammatory response

Question 6

Aspiration (Causes)

Answer 6

Talking with food in mouth
vomiting in supine
lack of muscle control in muscles used for swallowing

Question 7

S&S (Aspiration)

Answer 7

coughing, choking, hoarseness, wheezing, tachycardia hypoxia, loss of consciousness

Question 8

Medical Rx (Aspiration)

Answer 8

Heimlich maneuver in adults/back blows on inverted infant

Question 9

COPD Chronic Bronchitis (Pathology)

Answer 9

inflammatory changes in bronchi increased sections from mucus glands frequent infections due to excess mucus

Question 10

COPD (Etiology)

Answer 10

exposure to smoking and/or industrial pollution

Question 11

S&S COPD

Answer 11

constant productive cough especially in am SOB, tachypnea rhonchi, hypoxia and cynaosis

Question 12

Medical Rx

Answer 12

-decrease exposure to irritants
expectorant
bronchodilator
postural draining/percussion
O2 low flow

Question 13

Pulmonary Edema Pathology

Answer 13

fluid in alveoli from high capillary pressure interfere in O2 diffusion difficulty expanding lungs and eventual collapse

Question 14

PEdema Etiology

Answer 14

(L) CHF

kidney/ liver disorders with hypoproteinemia inflammation from inhaled toxic gases

Question 15

S&S Pulmonary Edema

Answer 15

cough, rales, orthopnea early later hemoptysis, labored breathing, “drowning”

Question 16

Medical Rx

Answer 16

causative factors, O2, upper body elevated- do not lay patient flat!

Question 17

Pumonary Embolus Pathology

Answer 17

fluid and blood fill alveoli
vasconstriction
if large, effect C-V system with R heart failure and decreased cardiac outpt

Question 18

PEmbolus Caues

Answer 18

usually thrombus dislodged from leg vein (thrombophlebitis or phlebotherombosis)
or fat emboli from bon fx (trauma)
tumor emboli (cancer)
amniotic fluid (pregnancy esp. during delivery)
air emboli injected into vein
immobility/dehydration

Question 19

PEmbolus S&S

Answer 19

sudden onset of chest pain, tachypnea, dyspnea SNS response: nervous, restless etc.

Question 20

Medical Rx PEmbolus

Answer 20

preventive with reisk factors if due to thrombus then O2, herparin

Question 21

Atelectasis

Answer 21

collapse of lung or part of lung

Question 22

Atelectasis (Pathology)

Answer 22

alveoli airless and collapses
decreased O2 diffusion
increased repiration rate to compensate

Question 23

Atelectasis (Etiology)

Answer 23

obstruction of air flow from tumor, mucus compression of lung
increased plural cavity pressure

Question 24

Atelectasis (S&S)

Answer 24

if small, no S&S, if large = dyspnea, incr HR and RR, chest pain