Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

Question

Nursing care for acute respiratory disease

Answer 1

``` Monitor vital and clinical signs Admin medication/oxygen as prescribed Handle patient with care Place in quiet environment Keep airway clear of secretions ```

Answer 2

``` Chronic bronchitis Lungworm Pleural effusions Pneumonia Pulmonary neoplasm Foreign body Asthma ```

Answer 3

``` Chronic cough Exercise intolerance Dyspnoea Increased respiratory noise Breathlessness ```

Answer 4

``` History and full physical examination Blood tests for haematology and biochemistry Radiograph Bronchoscope Faecal analysis Bronchoalveolar lavage ```

Answer 5

``` ID and correct underlying cause Antitussives Anti inflammatories Bronchodilators Expectorants Mucolytics Antibiotics Anthelmintics Limited exercise, clean atmosphere, chest courage, weight loss ```

Answer 6

``` Monitor vital and clinical signs Administration of medication/oxygen as prescribed Handle patient with care Place in quiet environment Ensure oxygen therapy is maintained ```

Answer 7

Diaphragmatic rupture Pneumothorax Pleural effusion

Answer 8

Trauma | Congenital

Answer 9

``` Dyspnoea Tachypnoea Thin sunken abdomen Shock Restlessness Weakness ```

Answer 10

``` Oxygen therapy Surgical repair IV fluids Antibiotics Analgesic ```

Answer 11

Elevate head higher than hindquarters Keep stress to minimum Monitor vital and clinical signs Admin medication prescribed

Answer 12

``` Dyspnoea Tachypnoea Orthopnoea Abdominal breathing Distress Cyanosis SC emphysema Thoracic wound Penetrating foreign body Depends on volume of air in thoracic cavity ```

Answer 13

``` Oxygen therapy Thoracocentesis Protective dressing over wound Surgery Depends on underlying cause ```

Answer 14

Do not remove penetrated foreign body Keep stress to minimum Monitor vital and clinical signs Admin medication prescribed

Answer 15

Fluid in pleural cavity

Answer 16

Blood in pleural cavity

Answer 17

Chyle accumulating in pleural cavity

Answer 18

``` Dyspnoea Tachypnoea Cyanosis Orthopnoea Shock Muffled heart and lung sound Exercise intolerance ```

Answer 19

``` ID and correct underlying causes Oxygen therapy Thoracocentesis Thoracotomy Antibiotics Analgesics ```

Answer 20

Monitor vital and clinical signs Admin medication prescribed Keep stress to minimum

Answer 21

Every 15 minutes or every 2-3 hours depending on patient needs

Answer 22

Obstruction Dislodgement Occlusion

Answer 23

For 10-15 minuets every 4-6 hours to dehumidify

Answer 24

Sterile gloves for cleaning wound with 0.05% chlorhexidine solution working away from the wound. Dry gauze can be placed around tube to absorb exudate

Answer 25

Several minutes

Answer 26

Ever 4-6 hours

Answer 27

Prevention of secretions from building up and blocking tube, aseptic wound care and humidification of air

Answer 28

Aseptic technique Sterile, soft, long pliable catheter (silicone) Do not turn suction on until catheter is in place Intermittent and light moving catheter in circular motions Should take less than 15 seconds. Giving them a break Discontinued if vagal response, cough, gag Ideally wear gloves

Answer 29

Group of conditions associated with brachycephalic breeds

Answer 30

English and French bull dogs Pugs Shih-tzu

Answer 31

Dyspnea exercise intolerance abnormal and increased respiratory noise including stertor and stridor. Episodes of severe dyspnea can lead to cyanosis, hyperthermia, and syncope.

Answer 32

Surgical correction of stenotic nares | Removal of elongated soft palate

Answer 33

Inflammation of the myocardium

Answer 34

Abnormal heart muscle including hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 35

Degeneration and scarring of the heart valves (usually mitral)

Answer 36

Fluid in the pericardium builds up and results in compression of the heart

Answer 37

``` Most common Ductus arteriosus (embryonic duct) connects the pulmonary artery and aorta (enabling blood to bypass lungs) remains patent Common at birth because foetus does not need to breath in womb ```

Answer 38

Narrowing of aortic or pulmonary valve, obstructing the flow of blood leaving the ventricle. Leading to hypertrophy

Answer 39

Hole in septum between right and left atria/ventricle

Answer 40

Oesophagus is trapped between ligamentum arteriosus, aorta, pulmonary artery and heart base

Answer 41

Combination of ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, compensatory right-sided hypertrophy and overriding aorta

Answer 42

Chronic degeneration of heart valves especially mitral valve leaving them thickened and nodular

Answer 43

Inflammation of endocardium caused by bacterial infection which travels to heart via blood

Answer 44

Myocardium thins and looses ability to contract efficiently causing heart to enlarge

Answer 45

Thickened myocardium leading to reduced myocardial relaxation, inadequate cardiac output and heart failure

Answer 46

Accumulating fluid in pericardial sac | Cardiac tamponade

Answer 47

Heart unable to maintain adequate circulation causing reduction in cardiac output and development of heart failure

Answer 48

``` History and full physical examination Blood tests for routine biochem or culture Fluid sample for culture and cytology Blood pressure Thoracic radiographs Echocardiography Electrocardiograph ```

Answer 49

Ultrasound examination of heart to assess structure and function Thickness and contractility of ventricular walls and septum can be assessed Abnormal soft tissue masses and pericardial effusions can be seen

Answer 50

Measures electrical activity of the heart Diagnose arrhythmia Chamber enlargement can be detected in conjunction with other tests P wave resembles arterial systole

Answer 51

Establish and maintain airway | Administration of oxygen

Answer 52

``` ID and treat underlying cause Positive inotropes (myocardial stimulants) ACE inhibitors Diuretics Anti arrhythmia drugs Beta blocker Venodilators ```

Answer 53

Monitor vital and clinical signs Cage rest with minimal stress Admin drugs (fluid) as prescribed by vet Perform CPR

Answer 54

``` Monitor vital and clinical signs Admin medication as prescribed Cage rest with minimal stress Controlled exercise Low sodium diet or low calorie (obese) ```