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Veterinary Diseases > Circulatory Disorders > Flashcards

Circulatory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle

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2
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Chronic disease of the heart muscle

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3
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow HR

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4
Q

Endocarditis

A

Degeneration and scarring of the heart valves (usually mitral)

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5
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Fluid in pericardium builds up and results in compression of heart

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6
Q

Definition of patient ductus arteriosus

A

Ductus arteriosus (embryonic duct) connects pulmonary artery and aorta (enabling blood to bypass the lungs) remains patent

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7
Q

Aortic (left) or pulmonic (right) stenosis (narrowing)

A

Narrowing of aorta or pulmonic valve obstructs flow of blood leaving the ventricle

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8
Q

Ventricular/atrial septal defect

A

Hole in septum between right and left atrial/ventricle allowing blood to pass from one side to another. Left muscle gets bigger so valve gets smaller due to working hard to pump

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9
Q

Persistent right aortic arch

A

Oesophagus is trapped between the ligament arteriosus, aorta, pulmonary artery and heart base

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10
Q

Tetralogy of fallout

A

Combination of ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, compensatory right-sided hypertrophy and overriding aorta

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11
Q

Endocardiosis

A

Chronic degeneration of the heart valves especially the mitral valve leaving them thickened and nodular

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12
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of endocardium caused by bacterial infection which travels to the heart via blood

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13
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Myocardium becomes thinner and loses ability to contract effectively causing heart to become enlarged

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14
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Myocardium becomes thicker leading to reduced myocardial relaxation, inadequate cardiac output and heart failure

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15
Q

Heart failure

A

Heart unable to maintain adequate circulation causing reduction in cardiac output. Blood pools in the lungs or body tissues

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16
Q

Causes of heart failure

A

Myocardial disease
Pressure overload
Volume overload
Mechanical problems

17
Q

Clinical signs of heart failure

A 
Collapse 
Close CRT
Weak pulse
Dyspnoea
Cyanosis
Pallor mucous membranes
18
Q

Heart failure diagnosis

A 
History and full physical examination 
Blood tests for biochemistry/culture
Fluid sample for culture and cytology
Blood pressure 
Thoracic radiograph
Echocardiography 
Electrocardiogram
19
Q

What is echocardiography

A

Ultrasound examination of heart to assess structure and function
Thickness and contractility of ventricular walls and septum can be assessed
Abnormal soft tissue masses and pericardial effusions can be seen

20
Q

What does ECG do

A

Measures electrical activity of the heart
Diagnose arrhythmia
Chamber enlargement can be detected when used in conjunction with other tests

21
Q

What does P-wave represent

A

Atrial systole

22
Q

What does the QRS complex represent

A

Ventricular systole

23
Q

What does T-wave represent

A

Ventricular diastole

24
Q

How is heart rate calculated with ECG

A

From interval between two P-waves

25
Q

Treatment for acute heart failure

A

Establish and maintain patent airway

Administer oxygen therapy

26
Q

Treatment for chronic heart failure

A

Identify and treat underlying causes
Positive inotropes (myocardial stimulants)
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Anti arrhythmic drugs
Venodilators

27
Q

Nursing care for acute heart failure

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Cage rest with minimal stress and movement
Administer drugs (fluids) as prescribed
Perform CPR

28
Q

Nursing care for chronic heart failure

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Administer drugs as prescribed
Cage rest with minimal stress
Feed low sodium or low calorie diet (obese)

Veterinary Diseases (7 decks)

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