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Veterinary Diseases > Haemotopietic System > Flashcards

Haemotopietic System Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Increased erythrocytes

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2
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increased lymphocytes

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3
Q

Erythropenia

A

Deficiency if erythrocytes

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4
Q

Lymphopenia

A

Deficiency of lymphocytes

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5
Q

Monocytosis

A

Increased monocytes

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6
Q

Monopenia

A

Deficiency of monocytes

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7
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increase in neutrophils

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8
Q

Anaemia

A

Erythropoietin secreted from kidneys in response to low circulating oxygen

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9
Q

Regenerative anaemia

A

Bone marrow responds to replace cells (problem isn’t with bone marrow) e.g. haemolysis (bursting red blood cells)

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10
Q

Non-regenerative anaemia

A

Bone marrow does not respond to replace cells

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11
Q

Haemorrhage

A

Acute blood loss due to internal or external trauma (organ rupture, poisoning e.g. warfarin)

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12
Q

Chronic blood loss

A

Haematuria, melaena, epistaxis, neoplasia, parasite burden

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13
Q

Haemolysis

A

Immune mediated disease e.g. autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Cellular parasites e.g. mycoplasma haemofelis

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14
Q

Medullary disorders

A

Bone marrow hypoplasia (underdeveloped bone marrow/bone marrow tumour)

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15
Q

Extramedullary disorders

A

Rental disease
FIV
FeLV

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16
Q

Clinical signs of anaemia

A 
Pallor mucous membranes
Lethargy 
Dyspnoea / tachypnoea 
Exercise intolerance 
Syncope; fainting, collapse, death
Tachycardia +/- haemic (anaemia induced murmur)
17
Q

Diagnostic testing for anaemia

A

History and full physical examination
Blood tests for biochemistry, haematology including reticulocytes and platelet counts e.g. PCV + reticulocyte count (immature rbc)
Blood smear
Blood tests for coagulopathies/immune mediated diseases
Bone marrow biopsy
Radiograph/ultrasound

18
Q

How long does it take for erythroblast to become erythrocyte

A

4-7 days

19
Q

Treatment for anaemia

A

Control active haemorrhage
Whole blood transfusions/colloids
Medication e.g. erythropoietin, steroids, chemo

20
Q

Nursing care for anaemia patient

A 
Monitor vital and clinical signs 
Keep quiet and avoid stress
General care of trauma patient 
Medication prescribed by vet
Diet with haematinics e.g iron and vit b
21
Q

Haemostasis

A

Prevents excessive blood loss from damaged vessels. Liver produces all clotting factors except Von Williband

22
Q

Primary haemostasis

A

Slowing down (clumping everything together)

23
Q

Secondary haemostasis

A

Forming of the clot using clotting factors

24
Q

What is Von willebrand disease

A

Common hereditary coagulopathy

Protein linking platelets to sub-endothelium and assists platelet aggregation

25
Q

What is haemophilia A

A

Effects dogs but bitches can carry
German shepherds
Factor VIII deficiency

26
Q

Immune mediated thrombocytopenia

A

Causes destruction of platelets

27
Q

Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning

A

Rat bait contains warfarin causing reduction in vitamin k

28
Q

What can liver disease cause

A

Severe liver dysfunction e.g. cirrhosis

29
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

Development of tiny clots in blood exhausting all the clotting factors
Due to secondary cause pancreatitis, haemangiosarcoma, septic shock

30
Q

Clinical signs of coagulopathies

A 
Petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhages
Epistaxis
Melaena
Haematuria
Haematomas 
Prolonged bleeding from cuts/venipuncture
Bleeding into body cavity/joints
Bleeding after shedding teeth
Delayed bleeding after venipuncture
31
Q

Diagnosis of coagulopathies

A

History and full physical examination
Blood test - biochem and haematology including reticulocyte and platelet counts
Blood tests for coagulopathies e.g. activated clotting time, Von willebrands, buccaneer mucosal bleeding time

32
Q

Treatment of coagulopathies

A

Plasma, platelet rich plasma or whole blood transfusion

Medication e.g. steroids, desmopressin, vit k, heparin

33
Q

Nursing care for coagulopathies

A 
Monitor vital and clinical signs 
Keep quiet and avoid stress
Handle with care
Administer medication prescribed by vet
Venipuncture must not be done using jugular

Veterinary Diseases (7 decks)

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