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Veterinary Diseases > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Seizures

A

Change in electrical brain activity

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2
Q

Epilepsy

A

Intracranial (in brain)

Extracranial (something outside the brain)

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3
Q

Status spilepticus

A

Long seizure

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4
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy

A

Unknown cause

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5
Q

Paresis

A

Partial weakness

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6
Q

Monoparesis

A

One limb weakness

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7
Q

Hemiparesis

A

One side e.g. left front and back

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8
Q

Paraparesis

A

Generally both back

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9
Q

Tetraparesis

A

All 4

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10
Q

Monoplegis

A

Paralysis of one limb

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11
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side

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12
Q

Paralegia

A

Paralysis on both back legs

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13
Q

Tetraplegia

A

Paralysis on all 4 limbs

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14
Q

Hypermetria/dysmetria

A

Condition of cerebellar dysfunction. Ataxia by overreaching desired object/goal

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15
Q

Intracranial possible causes of seizures

A 
Trauma 
Bacterial or viral disease
Neoplasia
Encephalitis (inflammation of brain)
Epilepsy
Congenital conditions e.g. hydrocephalus
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16
Q

Extracranial causes of seizures

A

Metabolic disorders e.g. hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hepatic encephalopathy, uraemia (urea in blood)
Toxicity e.g. lead, choc, ethylene glycol

17
Q

Clinical signs of seizures

A

Preictal phase
- Restlessness, anxious, sense something
Ictal phase
- Collapse, salivation, jaw chomping, vocalisation, passing of urine/faeces, tonic/clonic activity
Postictal phase
- restlessness, confusion, anxiousness. May be single, cluster, status epilepticus

18
Q

Diagnostic tests for seizures

A 
History and full physical examination 
Blood tests for haematology and biochemistry 
CSF tap and analysis 
EEG
MRI scan
CT scan
19
Q

Seizure treatment

A

Identify and correct underlying causes
IVFT
Medication e.g. diazepam, phenobarbital/propofol infusion, potassium bromide

20
Q

Seizure nursing care

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Observe, time and record seizures
Administer drugs and fluids as prescribed
Follow protocol if animal is seizuring

21
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness

22
Q

Causes of unconsciousness

A

Airway obstruction, shock, head trauma, seizure, heat stroke, hypothermia, metabolic disorders e.g. hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia

23
Q

Clinical signs of unconsciousness

A

Sudden collapse with flaccid muscles or weakness, passing of urine and faeces, cyanosis(blue mm) or pallor(pale) of mucous membranes, may be associated with exercise, may have spontaneous recovery

24
Q

Treatment for unconsciousness

A

Identify and correct underlying causes
Oxygen/artificial respiration (CPR)
IVFT

25
Q

Nursing care for unconsciousness patient

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Maintain clear airway, provide oxygen/artificial respiration
Provide drugs and fluid as prescribed by vet
Treat as recumbent patient

26
Q

Causes of spinal injury

A

Intervertebral disc protrusion, neoplasia, spinal fracture/luxation, fibrocartilaginous embolism, discospondylitis, wobbler syndrome

27
Q

Clinical signs of spinal injury

A

Pain, ataxia, paresis, paralysis, urinary and or faecal incontinence, flaccid tail

28
Q

Diagnosis of spinal injury

A

History and full physical examination
Radiograph inc,using myelography
MRI/CT
CSF tap and analysis

29
Q

Treatment for spinal injury

A

Identify and correct underlying cause

Treatment and prognosis depends on underlying causes e.g. surgery, medication, U/F management, physio therapy

30
Q

Nursing care for spinal injury

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs, pain, progress
Administer drugs prescribed by vet
May need to treat as recumbent patient

31
Q

Cause of vestibular disease

A

Infection, inflammation, neoplasia, trauma, benign polyps, idiopathic, post-surgery
Rabbits (pasturella spp or encephalitozoon cuniculi)

32
Q

Clinical signs of vestibular disease

A

Nystagmus, mental depression, nausea, ataxia, strabismus, head tilt, Horner’s syndrome

33
Q

Neurological examination

A

Consciousness e.g. fully depressed, stuporous, comatose
Observe posture e.g. head tilt
Trunk e.g. position of spine e.g. lordosis, scholiosis
Limbs e.g. knuckling and scuffing of nails
Observe gait
Assess reflexes
Assess muscle tone and atrophy
Assess ability to urinate and defecate

Veterinary Diseases (7 decks)

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