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Veterinary Diseases > Digestive Disorders > Flashcards

Digestive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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2
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack of desire to eat

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3
Q

Inappetence

A

Reduced appetite

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4
Q

Melaena

A

Bloody faeces

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5
Q

Borborygmi

A

Abnormal rumbling sounds

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6
Q

Haematochezia

A

Fresh blood in faeces

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7
Q

Vomiting

A

Passing of stomach contents via mouth

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8
Q

Coprophagia

A

Eating faeces

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9
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive pooing

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10
Q

Ptyalism

A

Hypersalavation

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11
Q

Dyschezia

A

Pain passing faeces

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12
Q

Tenesmus

A

Straining while passing faeces

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13
Q

Haematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

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14
Q

Faecal occult blood

A

Can see the blood in faeces

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15
Q

Stercoraceous

A

Vomiting faeces

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16
Q

Causes of regurgitation

A 
Mega oesophagus 
Oesophagitis
Persistent right aortic arch
Foreign body
Oesophageal stricture
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17
Q

Clinical signs of regurgitation

A

Suddenly without warning
No effort required
Can occur soon or hours after eating

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18
Q

Diagnostic tests for regurgitation

A

History and full physical examination
Bloods for haematology and biochemistry
pH of vomitus
Radiograph/barium swallow/oesophagoscopy

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19
Q

Treatment for regurgitation

A

Identify and correct underlying causes

Nutritional management

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20
Q

Nursing care for regurgitation

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Admin drugs, fluid, diet as prescribed by vet
Observe and record any regurgitation
Observe for signs of aspiration pneumonia
Keep animal clean, bath and groom
Monitor and record weight

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21
Q

Causes of vomiting

A

GI disease
Systemic disease
Metabolic/endocrine disorder
Drug/toxin induced

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22
Q

Clinical signs of vomiting

A 
Lethargic
Depression
Restlessness
Salivation/licking of lips
Inappetence
Abdominal pain
Dehydration 
Weight loss
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23
Q

Diagnostic tests for vomiting

A 
History and full physical examination 
Blood tests for haematology and biochemistry 
pH of vomit 
Abdominal radiograph/ultrasound
Barium swallow
Gastroscopy
Exploratory laparotomy 
Biopsy for histopathology
24
Q

How to assess vomiting patient

A 
Body condition 
Age
Clinical signs
Vaccination history 
Diet changes
Frequency/type of vomit
Faeces
25
Q

Treatment for vomiting

A

Identify and correct underlying causes
Ivft
Nutritional management
Medication e.g. anti-emetics, antibiotics, analgesics, histamine blocking agents, gastric Protestants, antacids

26
Q

Nursing care for vomiting

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs and hydration
Administer drugs, diet, fluids as prescribed
Observe and record vomiting
Keep animal clean, bath and groom
Record and monitor weight

27
Q

Causes of diarrhoea

A 
Sudden diet change
Scavenging
Food intolerance/hypersensitive
Infectious disease 
Neoplasia
Foreign body 
Intussusception
Colitis
Liver disease
28
Q

Clinical signs of diarrhoea

A 
Bright or ill with abdominal pain 
Pyrexia
Anorexia
Dehydration 
Borborygmi
Flatulent 
Weight loss
Loss of condition
29
Q

Diagnostic tests for diarrhoea

A 
History and full physical examination 
Bloods for haematology and biochemistry 
Faecal analysis
Abdominal radiograph/ultrasound 
Barium meal
Enteroscopy
Exploratory 
Laparotomy
Biopsy for histopathology
30
Q

Treatment for diarrhoea

A

Identify and correct underlying causes
Starve then bland food (24-48 hours) or sensitivity diet
Ivft
Medication e.g. antibiotics, anti-parasitic, corticosteroids, enzyme supplement

31
Q

Nursing care for diarrhoea

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs and hydration status
Administer drugs, diet, fluids as prescribed
Observe and record diarrhoea
Keep animal clean
Monitor and record weight loss
Isolate if infectious disease is suspected

32
Q

Causes of constipation

A

Diet
Colonic
Orthopaedic
Other

33
Q

Clinical signs of constipation

A

Failure to pass or passing of v hard faeces, tenesmus, harmatochezia, dyschezia, stercoraceous

34
Q

Diagnostic tests for constipation

A 
History and full physical examination 
Rectal/neurological exam
Radiograph of abdomen
Barium meal
Enteroscopy
35
Q

Treatment of constipation

A

Identify and correct underlying causes
Nutritional management
Medication/enema

36
Q

Nursing care for constipation

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs and hydration
Administer drugs, diet, enema as prescribed
Observe and record faeces

37
Q

Causes for acute pancreatitis

A 
Obesity
High fat diet
Trauma
Surgical manipulation 
Pancreatic duct occlusion
38
Q

Causes for chronic pancreatitis

A

Idiopathic

Infection

39
Q

Diagnostic tests for pancreatitis

A

History and full physical examination
Blood tests for biochemistry
Abdominal radiograph/ultrasound

40
Q

Treatment of pancreatitis

A

Nil by mouth until vomit stops
Ivft
Nutritional management
Medication e.g, analgesics, antiemetic, antibiotics

41
Q

Nursing care for pancreatitis

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Administer drugs, fluids, diet as prescribed
Monitor and record abdominal pain/vomiting
Provide diet in small frequent meals

42
Q

Causes of pancreatic insufficiency

A

Caused by insufficient production or loss of pancreatic enzymes
Can be congenital and maybe hereditary
Common in dogs, rare in cats

43
Q

Clinical signs of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A 
Polyphagia
Coprophagia
Weight loss
Diarrhoea 
Steatorrhoea
Flatulent 
Poor hair coat
44
Q

Diagnostic tests for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

History and full physical examination
Blood tests for biochemistry and haematology
Faecal analysis

45
Q

Treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A 
Nutritional management 
Raw ox or pig pancreas
Pancreatic enzyme supplements 
Antibiotics 
Coconut oil
46
Q

Nursing care for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Administer drugs and diet as prescribed
Feed small frequent meals of low fat diet
Monitor and record weight
Monitor and record faecal amount, consistency and colour
Keep clean

47
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver

48
Q

Cirrhosis

A

late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis

49
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A

spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction

50
Q

Causes of acute hepatitis

A

Infectious disease
Toxins
Trauma
Drug induced

51
Q

Portosystemic shunt

A

bypass of the liver by the body’s circulatory system. It can be either a congenital (present at birth) or acquired condition.

52
Q

Causes of chronic hepatitis

A

Neoplasia, metabolic disorders, copper toxicity, congenital

53
Q

Clinical signs of hepatitis

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhoea 
Weight loss
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Anorexia
Abdominal pain 
Jaundice
Ascites 
Orange urine
Bleeding tendency 
Hepatomegaly
54
Q

Diagnostic tests for hepatitis

A

History and full physical examination
Blood test for haematology and biochemistry
Abdominal radiograph/ultrasound
Liver biopsy for histopathology

55
Q

Treatment of hepatitis

A 
Identify and correct underlying causes 
Ivft 
Nutritional management 
Medication e.g. anti inflammatories 
Antibiotics and lactulose
56
Q

Nursing care for hepatitis

A

Monitor vital and clinical signs
Administer drugs, diet, fluids as prescribed
Nutritional support in small frequent meals
Isolate if infectious disease is suspected

Veterinary Diseases (7 decks)

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