Respiratory Disease (WEDNESDAY) Flashcards
Differentiate between early and late/severe, signs of respiratory distress/respiratory failure.
Early signs
7
-tachypnea
-tachycardia
-irritability, restlessness
-nasal flaring
-retractions
-Expiratory grunting
-hypertension
Late/severe signs of respiratory distress
-depressed respirations (retain CO2)
-bradycardia
-Somnolence (lethargic, drowsy)
-cyanosis
-hypotension
Epiglottitis
Occurs in what age?
Bacteria?
What vaccine to prevent?
Inflammation of the epiglottitis
-Occurs predominantly in ages 2-5, but can occur from infancy to adulthood
-Most common cause is the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae type B
-Prevention: Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine
symptoms of epiglottitis five
-Drooling
-Sore throat
-Stridor
-Tripod position
-Fever
Treatment of epiglottitis
Primary (A-B-C)
-Airway management (intubation) - if possible in the operating room
Secondary
-IV antibiotics
-IV corticosteroids
clinical manifestations of asthma
4 symptoms
Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
Cough (often worse at night)
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Diagnostic Evaluation of asthma
FEV1 : Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second
-Decreased value indicates airway obstruction
Peak Expiratory Flow
-Measures how fast air is expelled from the lungs during forceful expiration.
Rescue Drug Therapy for asthma
What quick relief drug is used?
Rescue (Quick Relief) medications
-Short-acting b2-agonists bronchodialators Bronchial constriction
–Albuterol 2.5mg per nebulizer treatment
-Corticosteroids-Inflammation
-Prednisolone (oral)
-Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) IV
Maintenance Drug Therapy for Asthma
Long-term control meds (Maintenance)
-Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., Pulmicort),
-long-acting b2-agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids(e.g., Advair)
-Leukotriene modifiers (e.g., Singulair).
–[Leukotriene modifiers block the action of leukotrienes which cause inflammation associated with allergies].
Cystic firbrosis
What kind of disorder is it?
autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in CFTR gene.
If both parents are carriers there is a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of each child having CF.
95% known cases occur in White people.
African American, Hispanic, and others may be affected
Chronic
Progressive
PATHO of cystic fibrosis
What gene?
Impaired secretion of what?
Abnormal what?
will have what?
CFTR gene
impaired secretion of chloride
abnormal thick mucous (will have clubbing of nails)
symptoms of respiratory system for cystic fibrosis what is heard upon auscultation?
Fever, increased coughing and shortness of breath, increased mucus production, and loss of appetite. Crackles at bases on auscultation.
treatment for cystic fibrosis
(respiratory)
Antibiotics (Tobramycin) aerosolized
Main treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gastrointestinal system
cystic fibrosis
pancreas?
what does stool look like?
what is cf diabetes?
obstruction of pancreatic ducts
pancreatic enzymes blocked- malabsorption of proteins and fats.
Failure to Thrive- poor weight gain, poor growth
Large, loose, greasy, foul-smelling stools-(malabsorption of fat)
Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes - inflammation and scarring of pancreas - insulin
CF Presentation
earliest sign?
children taste what?
One of the earliest signs of CF is the
development of a Meconium ileus in a newborn (Meconium is the first stool passed by a newborn and should occur in the first 24 hours of birth) bowel obstruction due to thick meconium stool).
Parents report children taste “salty”
