Infectious Disease (WEDNESDAY)

Question 1

Measles

Agent:
Transmission:
Isolation:
Prevention:

Answer 1

Agent: Paramyxovirus
Transmission: Nasopharynx droplets
Isolation Precautions: Airborne
Prevention: MMR vaccine

(2-dose series beginning at 12-15 months of age. Second dose at 4-6 years of age)

Question 2

Measles Clinical Features

3 C’S?
Other prodrome symptoms? 2

rash emerges when and persists for how long?

begins where and goes where?

Answer 2

Prodrome
-3 “Cs” - cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis
(Coryza - inflammation and congestion of mucous membranes in the nose)

-Fever (103°F-105°F)
-Koplik spots (blue-white spots) on buccal mucosa in the mouth

Rash
-Emerges 14 days after exposure and persists 5-6 days
-Begins at hairline, then involves face and upper neck
-Progresses downward and outward to hands and feet

Question 3

People At High Risk For Severe Illness and complications from Measles?

Answer 3

-Infants and children younger than 5 years

-Adults older than 20 years

-Pregnant women

-People with compromised immune systems (e.g., leukemia, HIV infection)

Question 4

Measles Complications
FOUR
most common cause of death from measles?

Answer 4

Otitis media

Diarrhea and related dehydration

Pneumonia

Encephalitis

Most common cause of death is from respiratory and/or neurological complications

Question 5

Measles management
maintain what?
administer what vitamin?
assess what?

Answer 5

• Maintain strict I and O
• Administer Vitamin A
• Assess neuro signs
• Assess lungs sounds
• Encourage fluids- intravenous fluids if needed
• Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever.
• Antibiotics for secondary infections (pneumonia, otitis media)

Question 6

Varicella (Chickenpox)

Agent:
Transmission:
Isolation:
Prevention:

Answer 6

a. Agent: varicella-zoster virus

b. Transmission: Direct contact, droplet secretions

c. Precautions: Contact and Airborne

d. Prevention: Varicella vaccine

Question 7

Symptoms of varicella
prodromal stage?
contagious when?

Answer 7

1. Prodromal stage— fever, malaise
2. Pruritic rash begins a macule vesicle then erupts

Contagious a day before rash appears and until vesicles are crusted

Question 8

treatment of varicella

Answer 8

Supportive, prevent skin infections

Question 9

varicella complications

CNS manifestations?

Answer 9

Secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions

Pneumonia

Central nervous system manifestations
-Meningitis
-Encephalitis
-Seizures

Question 10

Pertussis (whooping cough)

agent
transmission/precaution
prevention

Answer 10

Agent: Bordetella pertussis

Transmission/Precautions: Droplet

Prevention (Vaccines: DTaP, Tdap)

Question 11

symptoms of pertussis

Answer 11

Upper respiratory infection symptoms 1-2 weeks

Paroxysmal, short, rapid cough followed by high-pitched “whoop” or gasp. Cyanosis may occur

Question 12

treatment of pertussis

Answer 12

Supportive during hospitalization with oxygen, rest, hydration, careful feedings, and antibiotics

Question 13

complications of pertussis

Answer 13

respiratory distress