Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family (WEDNESDAY)

Question 1

Average age of puberty

Answer 1

12 in girls and 14 in boys.

Question 2

Tanner stages

Answer 2

Tanner Stages are used to categorize
the physical changes that occur
during puberty.

Tanner stages are from 1 to 5 with 5 being the most mature (fully developed)

Question 3

puberty

first sign of puberty in girls?
Average age of menarche?

Answer 3

The age of occurrence varies (boys, girls, and among different ethnic groups).

Sequence of physical changes is predictable (Tanner Stages)

Puberty in boys begins about two years later than in girls.

The first sign of puberty in a girl is breast development.

Average age of menarche (first menstruation) ~ 12yrs

Question 4

Precocious puberty
Early puberty

Answer 4

Development of secondary sex characteristics before age 8 in girls and 9 in boys.

Question 5

Preconscious puberty causes

Answer 5

Idiopathic (unknown)—the most common cause

Genetic and environmental factors.

Family history of precocious puberty.

CNS causes—including tumors involving the hypothalamus or malformations of the hypothalamus.
Referred to Endocrinology for further evaluation

Question 6

Review the implications of ACEs has on health, a child’s developing brain, and the importance of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCES) and resilience

Answer 6

Before age 18.
Abuse, neglect, household dysfunction

-leading causes of death like heart disease and cancer

-chornic health conditions

-mental health conditions and substance abuse

-health risk behaviors

-social outcomes

Question 7

Child’s developing brain (ACE)
Nucleus acumbens?
Prefrontal cortex?
Amygdala?

Answer 7

Nucleus acumbens- Pleasure/Reward
(substance abuse)

Prefrontal cortex- Impulse control/executive function (learning)

Amygdala -Fear response

Question 8

Thriving despite aces (resilience)

Answer 8

Adversity is only one part of the equation

No individual child is automatically doomed in the face of ACEs.

A person’s own characteristics such as problem-solving ability, self-efficacy, optimism, and autonomy may be protective factors.

Protective factors also include characteristics of the family and community.

Question 9

Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) result when a child feels safe and supported by their family

Examples of PCEs include:

Answer 9

Ability to talk openly to a family member about feelings

Feeling heard, accepted and supported by the family

Belief that family stood by them during difficult times

Feeling safe and protected by an adult in the home

Adults who report high number of PCEs have 73% lower levels of depression and other psychiatric mental health conditions.

Friends and communities can be sources of PCEs as well.