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Respiratory > Respiratory Disease of Sheep > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease of Sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What should be looked for in a distance exam of a flock of sheep?

A 
Demeanour
Size variation
Nasal/ocular discharge
Dyspnoea
Coughing
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2
Q

What is the normal RR of a sheep?

A

<20bpm but quite often is a little faster

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3
Q

How are most sheep resp diseases confirmed?

A

PME

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4
Q

How can resp disease be diagnosed in valuable sheep?

A

BAL

Radiography, US

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5
Q

Which disease can cause sudden death in sheep?

A

Peracute pneumonia

Septicaemia

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6
Q

Which diseases can cause ill health, cough, discharges and pyrexia in sheep?

A

Acute bacterial/viral pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Parasitic pneumonia

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7
Q

Which disease can cause chronic ill health and occ cough in lambs?

A

Chronic pneumonia

Lung damage

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8
Q

What are signs of acute respiratory disease in sheep?

A

Noisy difficult breathing
URT
Laryngeal chondritis

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9
Q

What is the most common resp problem in sheep?

A

Pneumonia

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10
Q

What are the risk factors of pneumonia in sheep?

A 
Housing
Young ages
Stress
Climate
Mixing of ages/sources
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11
Q

What are the main agents involved in ovine pneumonia?

A

M. haemolytica
Mycoplasmas
PI3
Adenoviruses

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12
Q

What is another name for enzootic pneumonia in sheep and what bacteria causes it?

A

Pneumonia pasteurellosis

M. haemolytica (used to be pasteurella!)

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13
Q

What age sheep does septicaemia affect?

A

Young lambs

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of enzootic pneumonia in sheep?

A 
Sudden death
Pyrexia
Depressed, inappetance
Dyspnoea, coughing, nasal discharge
Poor thrift
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15
Q

Why isn’t isolation of PI3/M. haemolytica from the nasal cavity of a sheep diagnostic?

A

Are found commensally

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16
Q

How is enzootic pneumonia definitely diagnosed?

A

PME - histopathology of large number of M. from the lungs

17
Q

How is enzootic pneumonia in sheep treated?

A

Oxytetracycline

18
Q

When are ewes and lambs vaccination for pneumonia?

A

E - sensitiser and booster 4-6 weeks pre-lamb

L - 3-5 weeks, 6-9 weeks

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of atypical pneumonia in sheep?

A

Reduced growth rates
Subclinical
Dull, poor BCS

20
Q

What are the signs of atypical pneumonia on PME in sheep?

A

Clearly demarcated red-brown-grey areas of lung
Apical and cardiac lobes
M. ovipneumoniae

21
Q

How is atypical pneumonia prevented?

A

Housing, good ventilation
Reduce stocking density
Quarantine introduced animals

22
Q

Which is the only important lungworm in sheep?

A

D. filaria

23
Q

When is pasture most contaminated by D. filaria?

A

Autumn - winter

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of parasitic pneumonia in sheep?

A

Coughing, increased RR, nasal discharge

Severe weight loss

25
Q

How is parasitic pneumonia diagnosed in sheep?

A

History, clinical signs
Larvae in faeces
PME - adults worms, lesions in diaphragmatic lobes

26
Q

Is there a vaccination for D. filaria in sheep?

A

No

27
Q

How is Maedi-Visna mainly transmitted?

A

Vertical via colostrum and milk

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of Maedi-Visna?

A

Emaciation
Respiratory disease, cough, nasal discharge
Flock issues, mastitis, arthritis

29
Q

What are the signs of Maedi-Visna on PME?

A

Voluminous, uncollapsed lungs

30
Q

How is Maedi-Visna treated?

A

No treatment available - need disease prevention

31
Q

Outline the pathogenesis of sheep pulmonary adenomatosis

A

Retrovirus infection => slowly progressive lung adenocarcinoma

32
Q

What are the clinical signs of OPA?

A

2-4y
Progressive resp disease
Weight loss
Wheelbarrow test => fluid out of nostrils

33
Q

What are signs of OPA on PME?

A

Tumours in lungs
Enlarged consolidated lungs
Frothy fluid in bronchi

34
Q

What can cause chronic weight loss and breathing issues in adult sheep?

A

Maedi-Visna

OPA

Respiratory (16 decks)

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