Respiratory Disease

Question 1

Main types of Respiratory Disease

Answer 1

1. Pulmonary Circulation diseases
2. Restrictive lung tissue diseases
3. Airway diseases

Question 2

Common Lung Diseases

Answer 2

• Pulmonary Embolism
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Bronchitis
• Emphysema
• Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 3

1: Pulmonary Circulation diseases

Answer 3

• Clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels
• Less capable of taking up oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
• ex) Pulmonary embolism (immigrants), pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage
• Clot (native ) - thrombosis
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension: pumps blood through lung that is highly constricted

Question 4

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 4

• Clot that traveled from elsewhere in the body but lodged in the lungs, creating a blockage

Question 5

2: Restrictive lung tissue diseases

Answer 5

• Affecting the structure of the lung
  ex) Pulmonary fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, severe obesity
• Like “wearing a too tight vest” , can’t take a deep breath
• Affects strcutre of lung and structure around it

Question 6

Restrictive lung disease symptoms

Answer 6

• Reduced lung compliance
• Increased work of breathing
• Reduced tidal volumes
• Increased expiratory flow rates

Question 7

Scoliosis definition

Answer 7

Severe lateral curve in the spine

• Deformation in the chest wall
• One side is more tightly compacted and one is out streched

Question 8

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 8

• Can be caused by infections, envrionmental agents, and chronic inflammation
• Caused by chronic irritations which is caused by infections

Question 9

Lung Function Test

Answer 9

Total Lung Capacity - Breathing all the way in and out
Residual Volume - Air still in your lungs after you fully exhale
Tidal Volume - Normal breaths
Functional Residual Volume - Air left over

Question 10

3: Airway diseases

Answer 10

• Narrowing or bloackage of the airway
  ex) asthma, bronchitis
• Like “trying to breathe out through a straw”

Question 11

Common Asthma Triggers

Answer 11

• Animals
• Dust
• Chemicals in air

Question 12

Emergency Asthma Symptoms

Answer 12

• Rapid pulse

- Extreme difficulty breathing

Question 13

Asthma Treatment

Answer 13

• Relievers

- Controllers

Question 14

Inspiration vs Exhalation

Answer 14

Inspiration: External intercoastal muscles
Exhalation: Internal intercoastal muscles

Question 15

Chronic Obstruvtive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

Answer 15

COPD = Bronchitis + Emphysema

Emphysema: Trouble 1) getting air in and out 2) Decrease surface area

Question 16

Impact of COPD

Answer 16

• 5th leading cause of death

- Major causes is smoking

Question 17

COPD symptoms

Answer 17

• Shortness of breath
• Chest and stomach pain
• Weight loss

Question 18

What is Chronic Bronchitis?

Answer 18

• Irritation - Bronchial tubes becomes inflamed

- excessive thick mucus from inner linings swelling

Question 19

Bronchitis Symptoms

Answer 19

• Frequent cough that produce mucus
• Mild fever
• Fatigue

Question 20

Treatment for Bronchitis

Answer 20

Acute Bronchitis:

• Drink lots of fluids
• Get plenty of rest

Chronic Bronchitis:

• Steriods
• Oxygen therapy

Question 21

What is Emphysema?

Answer 21

• irritation/lung tissue damage
• alveoli loses elastic recoli- changes in structure
• Decrease surface area
• Decrease O2 uptake
• Decrease CO2 off loading

Question 22

What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF) ?

Answer 22

• inherited defective gene which causes the body to produce abnormally thick, sticky mucus

Question 23

Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Answer 23

• Coughing
• Increased mucus in sinuses of lungs
• Fatigue
• Very salty sweat

Question 24

Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Answer 24

NO CURE

• Antibiotics prevent and treat lung disease
• Mucus thinning medicines