Osteoporosis

Question 1

Osteoporosis: Porus Bones

Answer 1

• Bones that have thinned from the inside due to mineral loss, that is vulnerable to fracture
• Osteoporosis is both preventable and treatable
• As you age the bones become more porous, and matrix becomes thinner

Question 2

Ageing and Bone Deterioration

Answer 2

• When you’re young (infant), your bone
• The density of bone is much less
• Peak bone mass around 25 years for women

Question 3

Common Symptoms

Answer 3

• Pain in bones and lower back
• Height loss
• Night cramps in leg and feet
• “Dowager’s hump” - a forward bending of spine
• Fractures

Question 4

Do men get osteoporosis?

Answer 4

Yes, but less often than women

Question 5

What causes oseteoporosis?

Answer 5

• Diet lacking in essential ( Calcium, Vitamin D)
• Hormone imbalace ) common after menopause) - estrogen going down causes menopause
• Lack of regular exercise
  Other causes:
  ~ endocrine disorders such as diabetes, thyroid over-activity
  ~ nutritional disorders, such as anorexia nervosa

Question 6

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Answer 6

• Taken for relief of menopause symptoms (hot flashes, mood swings, loss of libido or depression)
• Previously thought to prevent heart disease and osteoporosis

Question 7

Bone Remodeling

Answer 7

Osteoclasts: Bone Resorption ( bone breaks down)
Osteoblasts: Bone Formation ( bone reforms)

Question 8

Osteoporosis Fractures

Answer 8

Vertebral Crush:

• Bone weaken and collapses, leading to height loss
• Fractire occurs on fromt side of bertebra, causing hunched over posture

Question 9

Surgical Options for Hip Fractures

Answer 9

• internal Fixation
• Hip Compression Screw
• Acetabular Cup
• Total Hip Replacement

Question 10

Ethnic Differences in Bone Mass

Answer 10

White: Equal result of osteoporotic fracture risk and osteoporosis
Black: More osteoporosis than osteoporotic fracture but less than White
Asian: Highly more osteoporosis than fracture risk
Hispanic & Native American: More osteoporosis than fracture risk

Question 11

Fracture Risk

Answer 11

• Bone Mineral Density
• Force of falls
• Risk of falls

Question 12

Optimizing Bone Health:

Strong bones requires…

Answer 12

1. Regular physical activity
2. Adequate intake of Calcium and Vitamin D
3. Normal hormonal levels

Question 13

Caffeine and Bone

Answer 13

Caffeine: Decreases intestinal calcium absportion which decreases net calcium balance

Question 14

Alcohol and Bone

Answer 14

1. Poor nutrition and malabsorption of calcium, magnesium & zinc
2. Liver disease, abnormal Vitamin D and parathyroid function
3. Direct toxicity to osteoblast (bone forming cells)
4. Increased propensity to fall

Postmenopausal women who were on HRT and drank alcohol had lower incidence of hip fractures than non-drinkers

Question 15

How does Exercise Influence Osteoporosis or Risk for Fractures?

Answer 15

• Helps reduce the body sway you have
• Walking Endurance/ Walking Speed
• Maximal Isometric Leg Strenfth

Question 16

Sarcopenia

Answer 16

SARC: Flesh
PENIA: Deficiency

Question 17

Influence of Age of Skeletal Muscle Mass

Answer 17

• Cross- section is much smaller in elder muscle mass

- High protein diets are good for maintaining muscle mass

Question 18

Relationship between Muscle and Disability

Answer 18

Sarcoplenic obesity:

- Having a high fat mass and low muscle mass

Question 19

Risk factors for falls and fractures in community older people

Answer 19

• Fear of falling
• High levels of physical activity
• Low bone mineral density