Infectious Disease Part 2

Question 1

How do you catch an Infection?

Answer 1

• Animals and insects
• People
• Food
• Water

Question 2

What are you infected by?

Answer 2

You are infected by pathogens

- Pathogens cause symptoms, syndromes and disease

Question 3

Chain of Infection

Answer 3

1. Pathogen
2. Reservior
3. Portal of Exit
4. Means of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. New host

Question 4

Lines of Defense

Answer 4

Physical and Chemical Boarders:

• Skin
• Mucus membrane
• Fluids
• Cilia

Immune System:

• Inflammatory
• immune respone

Question 5

Steps of the Inflammatory Response

Answer 5

1. Damaged tissues release histamines, increasng blood flow
2. Histamine causes capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes
3. Phagocytes engulf bacteria, dead cells, and debris
4. Platelets move out of the capillary to seal the wound

Question 6

Lymphatic System

Answer 6

Includes:

• Tonsils, Lymph nodes, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels, Spleen
• Glands found on the neck, armpit and groin
• It helps find invaders then swallow them up

Question 7

The Inflammatory Response Injuries

Answer 7

• Histamine causes blood vessels to dilate and fluid to accumulate
• Heat
• Swelling
• Redness
• Macrophages and heutrophils attack the infection
• Pus

Question 8

The Immune System:

2 responds

Answer 8

1. Innate (natural)
2. Adaptive or Acquired

ANTIGEN: A marker on the surface of a foreign substance that the immune system recognizes as non-self that triggers the immune response

Question 9

Innate Immunity

Answer 9

• refers to our antigen nonspecific defense that acts immediately or within hours after exposure
• this is the immunity one is born with

Question 10

Acquired Immunity

Answer 10

• antigen-specific defence mechanisms that take days to become protective and are designed to remove a specific antigen
• this is the immunity one develops throughout life

Question 11

Symptoms and Contamination

Answer 11

incubation:

• Viruses or bacteria are multiplying
• Generally, no symptoms but may be contagious

Prodromal period:

• Generally feel some symptoms ( ex. fever, runny nose, sore throat)
• Symptoms are related to the immune response

Question 12

Immunization

Answer 12

• Primes the immune system for future pathogens

- Immune system can then quickly produce antibodies to the organism ( ex. Diphtheria, Hep A and B)

Question 13

What is HIV Infection?

Answer 13

• Progressive destruction of the immune system

Question 14

What does HIV Infection lead to?

Answer 14

• HIV Infection leads to a progressive release of infectious particles

Question 15

Treatment

Answer 15

• No current cure for HIV infection exists