Respiratory Control Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory control centers in brain (5)

A
DRG
CRG
Pontine respiratory group
Botzinger group
Pre-Botzinger group
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2
Q

Pre-Botzinger group location and function:

A

Medulla

Generates core rhythm

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3
Q

Pontine respiratory group location and function:

A

Pons
Modifies inspiratory timing (increased activity turns off inspiration).
Controls length of inspiration during normal breathing.

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4
Q

Dorsal respiratory group location and function:

A

Medulla
Depth of breathing (Vt)
95% premotor to phrenic n.

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5
Q

Ventral respiratory group location and function:

A

Medulla
Involved in inspiration and expiration
Contributes to depth

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6
Q

Apneusis

A

Maintained inspiration.
Pontine damage.
Increased CO2, decreased O2. Death if not supported.

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7
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of inspiration.
Medulla/spinal damage.
Increased CO2, decreased O2. Death if not supported.

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8
Q

Chemoreceptor definition

A

A neuron that is sensitive to specific chemicals. In the respiratory system, the chemicals are CO2, O2, and H+.

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9
Q

Affects of the chemoreceptors on firing:

A

Increased CO2: increased firing
Increased O2: decreased firing
Increased H+: increased firing

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10
Q

Location, sensitivity, influence, and effects of central chemoreceptors

A

Ventral surface of medulla.
Sensitive (indirectly) to CO2 in blood (pH).
Influences “respiratory drive” = regular breathing
Increases RR/depth in response to hypercapnea.

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11
Q

Mechanism of indirect CO2 sensitivity

A

CO2 crosses BB barrier.

Undergoes the carbonic anhydrase reaction and affects the chemoreceptors

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12
Q

Location, sensitivity, influence, and effects of peripheral chemoreceptors

A

Aortic arch and corotid body (dopamine involved somehow)
O2, CO2, H+ (pH)
Acute changes in blood gases (works quicker than central)
Increases RR/depth in response to hypercapnea, hypoxia, or acidosis.

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13
Q

Slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

Location, stimulant, effect, role

A

Airways
Stretch of lung tissue
Inhibit inspiration/promote expiration
Every breath in infants. In exercise in adults.

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14
Q

Rapidly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

Location, stimulant, effect, role

A

Airways
Irritants (foreign bodies in airways), stretch.
Cough to clear airways.
Protective (not used every breathe)

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15
Q

J receptors

Location, stimulant, effect, role

A

Near capillaries in alveoli
Pulmonary edema
Cough, tachypnea
Protective (not used every breathe)

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16
Q

Cortical influences on breathing

A

Influence when walking, talking, etc.

The cortex bypasses the medullary centers and sends an input directly to the muscles of respiration.