Osteology, Arthrology, Myology of the Thorax Flashcards
Contents of the superior thoracic aperture
Trachea, esophagus, nerves, and vessels that supply the head, neck, and UE.
Boundaries of superior thoracic aperture
T1 vertebral segment, paired 1st ribs and superior manubrium.
Contents of inferior thoracic aperture
Esophagus, IVC, aorta.
Boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture
T12 vertebral segment, 11th and 12th ribs, 7th-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint.
Costal notches of the body of the sternum
Half of 2nd (1st and other half of 2nd attach to manubrium), all of 3rd-6th, half of 7th ribs (other half articulates with the xiphoid process).
Articulation mechanism of the typical ribs (3-9)
Head of rib articulates with the inferior costal facet on the vertebra one segment above and the superior costal facet one segment below. The articulating facet of the costal tubercle attaches to the transverse process of the the vertebra of same level.
Atypical ribs
1-2, 10-12
Where are fractures of ribs most commonly occurring?
Middle ribs at the costal angle.
Supernumerary ribs
Extra ribs in cervical or lumbar region. Usually asymptomatic.
Costal cartilages
1-7
8-10
1st-7th: individually attach to sternum
8th-10th: articulate with costal cartilage superior to them, then attach to sternum.
Manubriosternal joint
Symphysis
Includes sternal angle and 2nd costal notch.
Xiphisternal joint
Synchondrosis
Inferior limit of the thorax
Includes the 7th costal notch
Rib 1 joint type
Synchondrosis
Ribs 2-7 joint type
Synovial planar joint
Bucket-handle movement
Elevation of the lateral part of the ribs, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax.
Pump-handle movement
Elevation of the sternal end of the rib, increasing the A/P diameter of the thorax.
Dislocation of the ribs refers to:
Separation of ribs refers to:
Dislocation at sternocostal joint
Separation of ribs at the costochondral joint.
Chest tube placement
Inserted between 5th or 6th intercostal space.
Thoroscopy
Insertion of thorascope into the pleural cavity to make small incisions, or bx.
Pleural cavity vs. pleural sac
Pleural cavity includes lungs and pleura. Pleural sac is where the lungs actually sit.
Layout of the intercostal muscles
External intercostal ms.
Internal intercostal ms.
Innermost intercostal ms.
Neurovascular bundles lie between internal and innermost ms.
Typical ribs
3-9
True, false and floating ribs
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
Have their own costal cartilage.
Joints of ribs 2-7 type and ligaments
Planar synovial.
Anterior radiate sternocostal l.
Posterior radiate sternocostal l.
Costotransverse joint type and ligaments
Planar synovial.
Lateral costotransverse l. (tubercle of the rib to transverse process).
Superior costotansverse l. (neck of rib to the vertebral segment one above).
Costovertebral joint type and ligaments
Planar synovial
Radiate l. (head of rib to vertebral body)
Intraarticular l. (head of rib to IVD).
Articular capsule
Intercostal ms. innervation and blood supply
Intercostal ns.
Intercostal as.
