Osteology, Arthrology, Myology of the Thorax

Question 1

Contents of the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 1

Trachea, esophagus, nerves, and vessels that supply the head, neck, and UE.

Question 2

Boundaries of superior thoracic aperture

Answer 2

T1 vertebral segment, paired 1st ribs and superior manubrium.

Question 3

Contents of inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 3

Esophagus, IVC, aorta.

Question 4

Boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

T12 vertebral segment, 11th and 12th ribs, 7th-10th costal cartilages and xiphisternal joint.

Question 5

Costal notches of the body of the sternum

Answer 5

Half of 2nd (1st and other half of 2nd attach to manubrium), all of 3rd-6th, half of 7th ribs (other half articulates with the xiphoid process).

Question 6

Articulation mechanism of the typical ribs (3-9)

Answer 6

Head of rib articulates with the inferior costal facet on the vertebra one segment above and the superior costal facet one segment below. The articulating facet of the costal tubercle attaches to the transverse process of the the vertebra of same level.

Question 7

Atypical ribs

Answer 7

1-2, 10-12

Question 8

Where are fractures of ribs most commonly occurring?

Answer 8

Middle ribs at the costal angle.

Question 9

Supernumerary ribs

Answer 9

Extra ribs in cervical or lumbar region. Usually asymptomatic.

Question 10

Costal cartilages
1-7
8-10

Answer 10

1st-7th: individually attach to sternum

8th-10th: articulate with costal cartilage superior to them, then attach to sternum.

Question 11

Manubriosternal joint

Answer 11

Symphysis

Includes sternal angle and 2nd costal notch.

Question 12

Xiphisternal joint

Answer 12

Synchondrosis
Inferior limit of the thorax
Includes the 7th costal notch

Question 13

Rib 1 joint type

Answer 13

Synchondrosis

Question 14

Ribs 2-7 joint type

Answer 14

Synovial planar joint

Question 15

Bucket-handle movement

Answer 15

Elevation of the lateral part of the ribs, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax.

Question 16

Pump-handle movement

Answer 16

Elevation of the sternal end of the rib, increasing the A/P diameter of the thorax.

Question 17

Dislocation of the ribs refers to:

Separation of ribs refers to:

Answer 17

Dislocation at sternocostal joint

Separation of ribs at the costochondral joint.

Question 18

Chest tube placement

Answer 18

Inserted between 5th or 6th intercostal space.

Question 19

Thoroscopy

Answer 19

Insertion of thorascope into the pleural cavity to make small incisions, or bx.

Question 20

Pleural cavity vs. pleural sac

Answer 20

Pleural cavity includes lungs and pleura. Pleural sac is where the lungs actually sit.

Question 21

Layout of the intercostal muscles

Answer 21

External intercostal ms.
Internal intercostal ms.
Innermost intercostal ms.
Neurovascular bundles lie between internal and innermost ms.

Question 22

Typical ribs

Answer 22

3-9

Question 23

True, false and floating ribs

Answer 23

True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
Have their own costal cartilage.

Question 24

Joints of ribs 2-7 type and ligaments

Answer 24

Planar synovial.
Anterior radiate sternocostal l.
Posterior radiate sternocostal l.

Question 25

Costotransverse joint type and ligaments

Answer 25

Planar synovial.
Lateral costotransverse l. (tubercle of the rib to transverse process).
Superior costotansverse l. (neck of rib to the vertebral segment one above).

Question 26

Costovertebral joint type and ligaments

Answer 26

Planar synovial
Radiate l. (head of rib to vertebral body)
Intraarticular l. (head of rib to IVD).
Articular capsule

Question 27

Intercostal ms. innervation and blood supply

Answer 27

Intercostal ns.

Intercostal as.