Cardiology Flashcards
Pulmonary circulation
SVC/IVC bring deoxygenated blood to the RA. Blood enters RV via tricuspid valve. Blood leaves through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary arteries deliver blood to the lungs. Pulmonary veins return blood to the LA.
Systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood in the LA flows to the LV via the bicuspid (mitral) valve. LV pumps blood into the aorta via the aortic valve and is delivered to the tissues.
Layers of the heart
Fibrous skeleton
Epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Function of fibrous skeleton
Provides attachment points for myocardium.
Provides attachment point for cuspid valves.
Supports AV and semilunar orifices.
Provides an electrical barrier between the atria and ventricles.
Surfaces of the heart (3)
Sternocostal
Diaphragmatic
Pulmonary
What passes through the right atrioventricular groove?
Right coronary a.
What passes through the left interventricular groove?
Coronary sinus
What passes through the anterior interventricular groove?
Anterior interventricular a. and great cardiac v.
What passes through the posterior interventricular groove?
Posterior interventricular a. and middle cardiac v.
Sulcus terminalis
External groove that corresponds the the crista terminalis internally.
Smooth wall is:
Sinus venarum
Rough wall is:
Pectinate muscle.
Crista terminalis
Separates the sinus venarum and pectinate muscle.
Ligamentum arteriosum
Embryological remnant of the ductus arteriosus. Connection between pulmonary trunk and and aortic arch.
Left recurrent laryngeal n. (from the vagus n.) passes underneath the ligamentum arteriosum to supply the larynx.
Sinus venarum
Smooth wall of the RA where the VCs and coronary sinus empty.
Interatrial septum
Between the atria. Smooth walled. Houses the fossa ovalis (bulls-eye).
Fossa ovalis is a remnant of:
Foramen ovalis.
Allowed blood to go between atria during development.
“Orifices” are:
The passageways between chambers. Occupied by the valves.
Tricuspid valve cusps
Anterior cusp (biggest) Posterior cusp Septal cusp (near septum)
Chordae tendinae
Pulls cusps open. Tendons from papillary muscles.
Named corresponding to cusp (ant., post., septal, as are the papillary ms.).
Exists in ventricles.
Trabeculae carnae
Rough muscular region in ventricles.
Conus arteriosus
AKA infundibulum.
Smooth walled area leading to the pulmonary trunk.
Pulmonary valve and aortic valves are:
Semilunar w/ 3 cusps.
Pulmonary sinus
Area behind the cusps of pulmonary valve.
Where do the pulmonary veins enter?
LA
Parts of the IV septum
Membranous part (fibrous skeleton) Muscular part
Conduction of the heart
SA node in the myocardium initiates impulse that propagates through the atrial walls. This produces diastole.
AV node responds to the signal and distributes it throughout the ventricles.
AV bundle crosses the fibrous skeleton and distributes the signal from the AV node into a right and left AV bundle.
Subendocardial branches distribute the signal to the interventricular septum, then to papillary muscles, then to the rest of the ventricular wall (Perkinje fibers).
Pericardium
Serous component w/ parietal (attached to fibrous skeleton) and visceral parts (attached to heart, “epicardium”).
