Respiratory Conditions

Question 1

What is croup

Answer 1

Croup is a viral infection of the upper airway (area around the glottis)

Question 2

What anatomical structures are affected in a patient with croup (3)

Answer 2

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes

Question 3

Common signs and symptoms of croup (3)

Answer 3

Barking cough
Stridor
Fever

Question 4

Treatment of Croup as per ALSPCS

Answer 4

Nebulized epinephrine 
(List off correct dosage)

Question 5

What is epiglottitis

Answer 5

The inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. Caused by a bacterial infection, and can scause a sudden respiratory obstruction

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms of Epiglottitis (6)

Answer 6

Severe sore throat
Pain when swallowing 
Difficulty breathing 
Stridor
Fever 
Drooling

Question 7

What is pneumonia

Answer 7

An infection that inflamed the alveoli. The alveoli sacs may fill with fluid of pus.

Question 8

Signs and symptoms of pneumonia (5)

Answer 8

Cough
Fever
SOB
Sharp chest pain that increase when breathing deeply

Crackles upon auscultation

Question 9

What are the 3 conditions categorized under COPD

Answer 9

Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema

Question 10

What is asthma

Answer 10

A disease that involves periodic episodes of severe but reversible bronchial obstruction in people with hypersensitive or hyperresponsive airways.

Question 11

Signs and symptoms of acute asthma attack

Answer 11

Chest tightness
wheezing
significant dyspnea
tachypnea

Question 12

Patho of emphysema

Answer 12

The destruction of the airway distal to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli, the breakdown of the connective tissue structure of the terminal aiways, results in groups of alveoli merging into large blebs which collapse easily, causing obstruction.

Question 13

what is Chronic bronchitis

Answer 13

Sputum production most days of the month for 2 or more months out of the year for more than 2 years

Excessive mucous production in the bronchial tree which is nearly always accompanied by a chronic or recurrent productive cough, typical patient is usually a heavy cigarette smoker, usually somewhat obese, congested and sometimes has a bluish complexion

Question 14

what is Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 14

A genetic disorder that causes abnormally thick secretions. This affects the lungs as this mucous obstructs airflow in the bronchioles and small bronchi causing air-trapping or atelectasis.

Question 15

What is Pulmonary Edema

Answer 15

FLuid collecting in the alveoli and interstial area causing a decrease in the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and interfers with lung expansion.

Question 16

Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary edema

Answer 16

Cough
Orthopnea
Rales 
Hemoptysis 
Frothy Speutum 
Cyanosis

Question 17

what is a Pulmonary Embolus

Answer 17

A blood clot or a mass of other material that obstructs the pulmonary artery or a branch of it, blocking the flow of blood through the lung tissue.

Question 18

Signs and Symptoms of PE

Answer 18

Transient chest pain
Dyspnea
Cough
Chest pain that increases with coughing or deep breathing

Massive emboli
severe chest pain
hypotension
LOC

Question 19

What is Pleural Effusion

Answer 19

When fluid collects between the visceral and parietal pleura

Can be caused by infections, tumors, CHF or trauma

Question 20

Definition of a flail chest

Answer 20

Results from freactures of the thorax and ractures of three - six tibs in two or more places.

Question 21

What changes occur in a pt with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (4)

Answer 21

1. Increases permeability of alveolar capillary membranes
2. Increased fluid and protein in interstitial area and alveoli
3. Damage to surfactant-producing cells
4. Diffuse necrosis and fibrosis if patient survives

Question 22

Hypoxic drive

Answer 22

the primary stimulus to breathe comes from decreased levels of oxygen NOT increased levels of carbon dioxide

Question 23

Acute Respiratory DIstress Syndrome

Answer 23

Diffuse damage to the alveoli, as a result of trauma, shock, aspiration of gastric contents, pulmonary edema, toxicity or hypoxic events

Question 24

Pneumothorax

Answer 24

Air collects between the visceral and parietal pleura that line the inside of the chest cavity