Pharmacology

Question 1

What type of drug would cause a dromotrophic effect?

Answer 1

Calcium channel blockers

Question 2

Pharamacokinetics

Answer 2

What the body does to a drug

Question 3

The amount of a dose of medication which enters systemic circulation is referred to as what?

Answer 3

Bioavailability

The amount of a dose of medication which enteres systemic circulation

Question 4

What do anticholenergic drugs do?

Answer 4

Blocks the same channels as acetlycholine so it cannot be absorbed. It blocks the parasympathetic nervous system from responding allowing the sympathetic nervous system to respond

“Dry patient”

Question 5

What is required for glucagon to be effective and where is it stored in teh body?

Answer 5

Glycogen, Liver

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of phosphodiestrase inhibitors

What is the common suffix

Answer 6

1. promote blood vessel dilation (vasodilation) and smooth muscle relaxation in certain parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, and genitals.
2. afil
   ex. avanafil, tadalafil

Question 7

What do calcium channel blockers do to the body?

What is the common suffix?

Answer 7

1. CCBs are used to lower blood pressure by preventing calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries, allowing the blood vessels to relax and dilate.
2. dipine
   ex. amlodipine

Question 8

What do proton pump inhibitors do to the body?

What is the common suffix?

Answer 8

1. They work by reducing the amount of stomach acid made by glands in the lining of your stomach.
2. prazole

Question 9

Mechanism of action of NSAIDs

Suffix?

Answer 9

1. NSAIDs help relieve the discomfort of fever and reduce inflammation and the associated pain by blocking a specific enzyme called cyclooxygenase (or COX).
2. fenac or profen
   ex. bromfenac
   ex. ibuprofen

Question 10

Mechanism of action of beta blockers

suffix?

Answer 10

1. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, causing the heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which lowers blood pressure.
2. olol
   ex. metoprolol

Question 11

Mechanism of action of antithrombotic drugs (blood thinners)

suffix?

Answer 11

1. Includes anticoagulants, which prevent blood from clotting, and antiplatelets, which prevent platelets from sticking to blood vessel walls and to one another.
2. parin
   ex. heparin

Question 12

Mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors

suffix?

Answer 12

1. ACE inhibitors block angiotensin-converting enzymes from coverting angiotensin I into angiotensin II. This causes a decrease in blood pressure
2. Pril
   ex. lisinopril, ramipril

Question 13

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 13

The study of the biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at their sites of activity

Question 14

First pass effect

Answer 14

The inital metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the blood stream

Question 15

Inotropic drugs

Examples of negative and positive inotropic drugs

Answer 15

Inotropic agents, or inotropes, are medicines that change the force of your heart’s contractions.

Positive inotropic drug ex
- digoxin, phosphodiestrase inhibitors

Negative inotropic drug ex
- Beta blockers, CCBs, antiarrhythmic drugs

Question 16

Chronotropic Drugs

exampes of postive and negative chronotropic drugs

Answer 16

chronotropic drugs change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Positive drug ex

• adrenergic agonists
  - Atropine, dopamine, epinephrine

Negative drug ex
- beta blockers, digoxin,

Question 17

Dromotropic

Answer 17

1. A dromotropic agent is one which affects the conduction speed (in fact the magnitude of delay) in the AV node, and subsequently the rate of electrical impulses

Positive drugs
- phenytoin

Negative drugs
- Verapamil