Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Stuff that are ifficult to remember > Respiratory Buzzwords > Flashcards

Respiratory Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

On respiratory examination: Hyperexpanded chest

A

COPD, Chronic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

On respiratory examination: Postural flapping tremor

A

Acute CO2 retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

On respiratory examination: Stony dull percussion

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

On respiratory examination: Fine crepitations

A

Pulmonary oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On respiratory examination: Pleuritic chest pain

A

Pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

On respiratory examination: Stridor

A

Upper airway obstruction, e.g. foreign body, croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ABCDEF: Respiratory causes of Clubbing

A

Abcess (lung), Bronchiectasis (including CF), Cancer (lung), Decreased oxygen (hypoxia, NOT COPD), Empyema, Fibrosing alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Resp Radiological change: Kerley B lines

A

Pulmonary oedema, perhaps caused by congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Resp Radiological change: Bat-wing shadowing

A

Pulmonary oedema, perhaps caused by congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Resp Radiological change: Tram-line shadowing

A

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Resp Radiological change: Miliary shadowing

A

Miliary TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resp Radiological change: Wedge-shaped infarct

A

Pulmonary embolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resp Radiological change: ‘Ground-glass’ appearance

A

Fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Resp Radiological change: ‘Honeycomb’ appearance

A

Fibrosis (late)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Resp Radiological change: Pleural mass with lobulated margin

A

Mesothelioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Respiratory condition: Early-onset emphysema plus liver disease. Fever, cough, shortness of breath hours after exposure to antigen (usually farmer after hay exposure). Positive serum precipitins

A

alpha1-Antitrypsin deficiency, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Respiratory condition: Asymptomatic with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL)/progressive shortness of breath/dry cough. Non-pulmonary manifestations, e.g. erythema nodosum ↑ serum ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) or hypercalcaemia may be mentioned

A

Sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Respiratory condition: History of recurrent chest infections, failure to thrive. May mention steatorrhoea (pancreatic insufficiency). Positive sweat test (sodium, chloride > 60 mmol/L)

A

Cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Respiratory condition: Progressive dyspnoea and cyanosis. Gross clubbing, fine end-inspiratory crackles. Chest x-ray: ground-glass → honeycomb lung

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Respiratory condition: Non-specific, e.g. fever, nightsweats, anorexia, haemoptysis. Ziehl–Neelsen staining shows acid-fast bacilli (AFBs)

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Respiratory condition: Swinging fever, copious foul-smelling sputum. Usually patient has persistent, worsening pneumonia

A

Lung abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pneumonia Cause: Positive cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cause of Cavitating lung

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Autoimmune (Wegener’s granulomatosis), Vascular (PE), Infection (Klebsiella, TB, Staph aureus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Resp drug side effect: Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis

A

Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Resp drug side effect: Tremor, tachycardia

A

Salbutamol

26
Q

Resp drug side effect: Orange-coloured tears/urine. Deranged liver function tests (LFTs), hepatitis

A

Rifampicin

27
Q

Resp drug side effect: Retrobulbar/Optic neuritis (pain, loss of vision)

A

Ethambutol

28
Q

Resp drug side effect: Gout

A

Pyrazinamide

29
Q

D sign on CXR

A

Empyema

30
Q

Steeple sign on CXR

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

31
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

32
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

33
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma

34
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

35
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+, afro-carribean

A

Sarcoidosis

36
Q

Lung cancer: Sensitive to chemotherapy, highly malignant with worse prognosis

A

small cell carcinoma

37
Q

Lung cancer: Not sensitive to chemotherapy, better prognosis

A

Non small-cell carcinoma

38
Q

TB vs Sarcoidosis

A

TB has caeseous necrosis, tuberculin positive. Sarcoid does not

39
Q

Isolated area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura

A

Ghon focus

40
Q

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

A

Assman focus

41
Q

Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), Enophthalmos (sunken eye), Miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the Ipsilateral side of the face

A

Horner’s Syndrome, possible spread of a pancoast tumour

42
Q

Non-smoker with lung cancer

A

likely adenocarcinoma

43
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes: Cushings & inappropriate ADH

A

Small cell lung cancer (ACTH & ADH respectively)

Also Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome

44
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes: Hypercalcaemia

A

Non-small cell lung cancer (PTH)

45
Q

Sore throat, wide-spread rash after antibiotics

A

Infective Mononucleosis

Easily mistaken as allergy to said antibiotics

46
Q

Conditions where elevated ANCA (Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody) is found

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis
Churg-strauss syndrome
Microscopic polyangiitis

47
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia + cold agglutins +ve

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

48
Q

pneumonia + lymphopenia + haematuria

A

Legionella pneumonia

49
Q

Anti glomerular basement membrane antibody

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

50
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis vs Goodpasture’s syndrome

A

Both are associated with pulmonary-renal syndrome
Wegener’s granulomatosis is differentiated by positive cANCA, Goodpasture’s involves anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody & linear staining on direct immunofluorescence of kidneys

51
Q

Occupational relations of pneumonoconiosis: silicosis, berryliosis, asbestosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis

A

Silicosis: Mining, quarry, sand-blasting, ceramics (silicon oxide = sand)
Berryliosis: Aerospace manufacturing/engineering, berylium mining, making fluorescent light bulbs
Asbestosis: Shipyard, building houses, asbestos exposure
Coal workers’: coal mining

52
Q

Air bronchogram in area of consolidation suggests

A

Pneumonia most likely

Indicates patent bronchus and not occluded, hence pneumonia most likely

53
Q

TLCO vs KCO

A

TLCO: transfer factor for Carbon Monoxide, used to measure the ability for gaseous exchange (or surface area)
Reduced TLCO = reduced area of transfer/reduced ability for gas exchange (such as COPD, fibrosis, emphysema, PE, cardiac insufficiency)
Raised TLCO = raised ability for gas exchange (Increased blood volume due to exercise, left to right shunting, alveolar haemorrhage)
KCO: transfer factor PER UNIT of alveolar volume. High KCO indicates good gas exchange and any SOB should be attributed to extrapulmonary origin. Low KCO indicates alveolar damage

54
Q

Intrapulmonary nodules + Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Caplan’s Syndrome (Aka Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis)

Often present with Rheumatoid arthritis on top of respiratory symptoms. Chest CT/CXR reveals round, well defined nodules

55
Q

Eggshell calcification of mediastinal nodes

A

Silicosis

56
Q

Pulmonary Renal syndrome causes

A

Goodpasture’s (Anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies)
Wegener’s granulomatosis (cANCA)
Churg-Strauss (pANCA, asthma)
Microscopic Polyangiitis (don’t think will come up)

57
Q

Pneumothorax + subcutaneous emphysema in the neck after episode of vomitting

A

Likely oesophageal rupture (Boeerhaave syndrome)

58
Q

Primary ciliary dyskinesia + bronchiectasis, situs inversus, chronic sinusitis

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

59
Q

Morning headache + daytime somnolence that improves with overnight nasal ventilation

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Pickwikian syndrome (obesity hypoventilation syndrome + sleep apnea)

60
Q

ARDS definition (ROAR)

A

R: Reduced lung compliance
O: Oedema, non-cardiogenic
A: Acute onset (

61
Q

ARDS causes

A

A: Aspiration/ Acute Pancreatitis/ Amniotic Fluid embolus
R: Raised Intracranial pressure/ Resp tract infection (pneumonia)
D: Diabetic Ketoacidosis/ Drugs
S: Sepsis/ Surgery/ Severe burns/ Smoke Inhalation

Stuff that are ifficult to remember (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions