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Stuff that are ifficult to remember > Gastrointestinal Buzzwords > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain: Colicky loin pain radiating to groin

A

Ureteric colic

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2
Q

Abdominal pain: Jaundice and intermittent right upper quadrant pain

A

Biliary colic

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3
Q

Abdominal pain: Severe epigastric pain radiating to back associated with vomiting

A

Acute pancreatitis

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4
Q

Abdominal pain: Peri-umbilical pain initially, then shift to right iliac fossa

A

Acute appendicitis

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5
Q

Abdominal pain: Central abdominal pain, expansile pulsatile mass

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

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6
Q

Abdominal pain: Iliac fossa pain, positive pregnancy test

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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7
Q

GI Examination sign: Asterixis (liver flap)

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

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8
Q

GI Examination sign: Leukonychia

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

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9
Q

GI Examination sign: Glossitis (beefy tongue)

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency (or sometimes foliate deficiency)

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10
Q

GI Examination sign: Aphthous ulceration

A

Inflammatory bowel disease, Coeliac disease

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11
Q

ascites, pleural effusion and benign ovarian tumour

A

Meigs’ syndrome

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12
Q

Lymphadenopathy, left supraclavicular fossa

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma (Virchow’s node), predominantly found on antrum along lesser curvature

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13
Q

GI Examination sign: Angular stomatitis

A

Iron-deficiency anaemia

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14
Q

Middle-aged woman presents with: Pruritus, jaundice, pigmentation. Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) positive. Associated with: rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Hypothyroidism or autoimmune disease

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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15
Q

Usually middle-aged man, presents with: Pruritus, jaundice, abdominal pain ↑ ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AMA negative. Associated with inflammatory bowel disease (especially ulcerative colitis)

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

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16
Q

4 Fs that predisposes primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Female, Forty, Familial, Fertile

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17
Q

Reynold’s Pentad + very high bilirubin, Alk Phos, GGT

A

RUQ pain, Jaundice, Fever, Hypotension, Encephalopathy
Likely Ascending cholangitis
Cholangitis vs cholecystitis (4 F’s predispose to cholangitis, septic features point towards cholangitis)

18
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

UC/Crohn’s

19
Q

High pitched Tinkling bowel sounds

A

Bowel Obstruction

20
Q

“Rice-water”-like stools

A

Vibro Cholera

21
Q

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

22
Q

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies) + ANF (Anti nuclear factor)

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

23
Q

Alpha Feto Protein assay or Serum AFP elevation

A

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma

24
Q

Causes of bowel obstruction

A 
Bolus (Faecal Impaction common)
Adhesions
Tumour
Hernia
Volvulus
Intsuussception
Pseudo-obstruction
Stricture
25
Q

Crohn’s acronym CAMMPERS

A 
C: Cobblestone (on barium swallow) & clubbing
A: Apthous ulcers
M: Mass in right iliac fossa
M: Malabsorption
P: Peri-anal disease
E: Erythema nodosum
R: Rectal sparing
S: Skip leisions/strictures
26
Q

Ulcerative colitis characteristics

A

Superficial inflammation, limited to mucosa
Continuous
Start from rectum and moves proximal
Crypt abscess
Associated with primary schlerosing cholangitis
Smoking has a protective effect
Toxic megacolon

27
Q

Crohn’s characteristics

A 
Knife-like, transdermal fissures
Skip leisions
Terminal ileum most common, can affect mouth to anus
Non-caeseating granulomas
Worsen by smoking
Malabsorption
Stricture formation and obstruction
Peri-anal disease
Anterior Uveitis
28
Q

Corrugated, ‘feline’ oesophagus + history of atopy

A

Eosinophillic oesophagitis (-ve for reflux)

29
Q

Bird’s beak appearance

A

Achalasia of lower oesophageal sphincter

30
Q

Kayser Fleischer ring (greenish-brownish ring around pupil) + non-specific symptoms of cognitive decline

A

Wilson’s disease
Non-specific motor degeneration is due to accumulation of copper in brain and motor regions. Can be dyskinesia, tremour, dementia, dysarthalgia (speech impairment)

31
Q

Weight loss + Fatty stool + itchy blisters on elbow and knee

A 
Coeliac disease most likely
Dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy rash commonly on elbow, knee, shoulder, buttock, face) is a skin manifestation of coeliac disease
32
Q

Lanugo Hair

A

Associated with malabsorption in adults, Anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa usually underlying cause

33
Q

Dilated tapering oesophagus

A

Achalasia of lower oesophageal sphincter

Tapering: diminish in thickness/size towards the end. Same meaning as bird’s beak appearance

34
Q

sensation of ‘lump at back of throat’

A

Globus hystericus - usually caused by criccopharyngeal spasm (no obvious pharynx and oesophagus pathology), Zenker’s diverticulum (accompanying dysphagia & halitosis), inflammation of larynx/hypopharynx, GORD

35
Q

Cockscrew Oesophagus (on barium swallow)

A

Diffuse Oesophageal Spasm

36
Q

1 year old baby with excessive inconsolable crying + sausage-shaped abdominal mass

A

Intussussception (most common in babies 2 months to 2 years, +/- rectal bleeding with red jelly-like appearance)

37
Q

Duodenal ulcer vs Peptic ulcer key difference

A

Duodenal ulcer relieved by eating or drinking milk, peptic ulcer worsened by eating

38
Q

Absent psoas shadow and sentinel loop of jejunum on AXR

A

Acute pancreatitis

39
Q

Signet Ring

A

Adenocarinoma (Signet Ring cells are a special type of mucin-secreting carcinoma, most common associated with stomach cancer, but also found in colon, breast, gallbladder and gonads)

40
Q

Gastric biopsy show heavy infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes + increased intra-epithelial lymphocytes

A

Most likely MALT-associated Lymphomas (if lymphocyte infiltrations is typical, then gastritis would be the diagnoses)

41
Q

Parasitic infection mostly in duodenum and jejunum

A

Giardiasis

42
Q

Special scan that determines lesion at ileocaecal valve

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum (Ectopic Gastric mucosa is present at the site, usually near ileocaecal valve, Technetium-99 scan will indicate presence of gastric mucosa at ileocaecal valve. Meckel’s diverticulum is usually asymptomatic)

Stuff that are ifficult to remember (7 decks)

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