Cardiovascular Buzzwords

Question 1

Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward

Answer 1

Pericarditis

Question 2

Irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 2

Atrial Fibrillation

Question 3

ECG - saw tooth baseline + 150 bpm

Answer 3

Atrial Flutter

Question 4

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

Answer 4

Pulmonary oedema

Question 5

Raised JVP

Answer 5

Right-sided heart failure, Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

Question 6

Sense of impending doom

Answer 6

MI

Question 7

Saddle shaped ST elevation

Answer 7

Pericarditis

Question 8

Broad complex tachycardia

Answer 8

Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 9

Tachycardia that is reversed with adenosine

Answer 9

Supraventricular Tachycardia

Question 10

Mid-diastolic murmur with a tapping, undisplaced apex

Answer 10

Mitral Stenosis

Question 11

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

Answer 11

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Question 12

Tall, tented T waves

Answer 12

Hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complexes)

Question 13

Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

Answer 13

Dressler’s syndrome

Question 14

Blurred yellowing vision headache

Answer 14

Digoxin Toxicity

Question 15

Janeway Lesions (painful)/Osler’s Nodes (not painful)/Splinter Haemorrhages/Roth spots

Answer 15

bacterial endocarditis

Question 16

Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur

Answer 16

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 17

Rib Notching on CXR

Answer 17

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 18

Crescendo decrescendo/ejection systolic murmur, radiates to neck

Answer 18

Aortic Stenosis

Question 19

Diminished absent lower limb pulses

Answer 19

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 20

Cyanosis first day of life

Answer 20

Transposition of great vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 21

Chest x-ray: egg-shaped ventricles

Answer 21

Transposition of great vessels

Question 22

Chest x-ray: boot-shaped heart

Answer 22

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 23

CV Drug Side Effect: Hyper-/hypothyroidism, Corneal microdeposits, Lung/liver fibrosis

Answer 23

Amiodarone (Class 3 anti-arrhythmic)

Question 24

Beta-blocker is used in the following conditions

Answer 24

Mainly: 
Hypertension (resistant)
Heart failure
Pheochromocytoma (Always with an alpha blocker)
Thyrotoxicosis

Question 25

Beta-blocker side effects

Answer 25

Cold peripheries, Fatigue, Hypoglycemia

Question 26

ACEi + Furosemide side effects

Answer 26

Hypokalaemia likely

Question 27

Drug used for hypertension + diabetic nephropathy

Answer 27

ACEi or ARB (Not used in bilateral renal artery stenosis however)

Question 28

Drug used for hypertension + benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 28

Doxazosin or Prazosin

Question 29

Slow rising pulse + narrow pulse pressure

Answer 29

Aortic Stenosis

Question 30

Collapsing pulse ‘waterhammer pulse’

Answer 30

Aortic Regurgitation

Question 31

Pulsus biferens (2 peaks)

Answer 31

Aortic Regurgitation or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 32

Pulsus paradoxus (exaggerated fall in pulse volume upon inspiration)

Answer 32

Asthma, cardiac tamponade (if heart sounds muffled)

Question 33

Bounding pulse (large volume)

Answer 33

Anaemia, Hepatic failure, Acute type 2 respiratory failure

Question 34

Pulsus alternans (alternating large and small pulses)

Answer 34

SVT/VT, premature/ectopic ventricular beats

Question 35

Large radiofemoral delay

Answer 35

Coarctation of aorta

Question 36

Heaving vs thrusting vs tapping apex beat

Answer 36

Heaving: High afterload, pressure overload, aortic stenosis
Thrusting: High Preload, volume overload, Aortic regurgitation
Tapping: Mitral stenosis (usually associated with loud S1)

Question 37

Pericardial Rub

Answer 37

Highly suggestive of pericarditis