Respiratory Buzzwords Flashcards
What antibiotics would you use for HAP (severe)?
IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin
What antibiotics would you use for HAP (mild)?
amoxicillin + metronidazole
What antibiotics would you use for CAP (severe: CURB >3)?
Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin
What antibiotics would you use for CAP (mild: CURB 0-2)
Amoxicillin
How would you treat TB?
Also, what are their side effects?
2 RIFE 4 RI Rifampicin - orange tears/sweat/urine Isoniazid - muscle weakness Pyrazinamide - gout Ethambutol - colour blindness
How would you treat an acute exacerbation of COPD?
ISOAP Ipotropium Salbutamol Oxygen Amoxicillin (2nd Doxycycline) Prednisolone
What antibiotic would you use for epiglottitis?
ceftriaxone
Stony dull to percuss?
pleural effusion
Right sided pleuritic chest pain?
most likely pneumonia
What would indicate pulmonary oedema?
A Alveolar bat’s wing
B Kerby B lines
C Cardiomegaly
D Dilated prominant upper lobe vessels
What does ground-glass appearance on X-ray mean?
Pulmonary fibrosis OR
Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn
Ziehl-Nielson stain positive for acid fast bacilli?
TB
Caseous necrosis?
TB
Apical disease?
TB - apical legion called Assmann focus
what is Miliary TB?
spread of organism into the bloodstream
what happens is organism spreads via the pulmonary artery?
miliary dissemination to the lungs
what happens if organism spread via the pulmonary vein?
systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys
Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Chest infection with parrot or pigeon as a pet?
chlamydophila psittaci
Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread?
legionella pneumophila
- test urine for antigens
What would indicate sarcoidosis?
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss
Bronchiole wider than neighbour arteriole on CT?
bronchiectasis
D sign on CXR
empyema
steeple sign on CXR
croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
child with barking cough?
croup
pneumocystitis pneumonia?
HIV - treat with co-tramoxazole + prednisolone (if severe)
asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity
samter’s triad
alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
klebsiella pneumonia
red jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumonia
mucoid sputum
chlamydia pneumonia
rusty sputum
pneumococcal pneumonia
cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)
classically from primary renal cell carcinoma
morning headache?
hypercapnia OR
Nitrate side effect
ACTH secreting tumour
small cell carcinoma of the lung
PTH secreting lung tumour
squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
increased serum ACE and Ca2+?
sarcoidosis
eggshell calcification at hilar region?
silicosis
what is a gohn focus?
seen in TB - an area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneth the pleua
What is Horner’s syndrome?
can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a pancoast tumour
What is the acute management of asthma?
OSHITMAN Oxygen Salbutamol (nebulised) Hydrocortisone /Prednisolone Ipratropium Bromide (nebulised) Theophylline /Aminophylline Magnesium Sulfate ANaesthetist
Thumb print sign on head xray?
epiglottitis
inspiratory whoop/barking cough?
pertussis
non-smoker + cancer ?
adenocarcinoma
squamous and small cell lung cancers are located where?
central
High D-dimers?
suspect PE –> send for CTPA or V/Q scan
Low D-dimers?
exclude PE
Large PE management?
Small PE management?
Large - thrombolysis
small - LMWH
Female on the OCP, sudden pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness?
PE
