Principles Buzzwords Flashcards
What Ig is found in the mucosa?
IgA
what produces endotoxins?
gram -ve
what produces exotoxin?
gram +ve
which Ig is found in breast milk?
IgA
which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?
IgE
what receptor does IgE bind to to bring about a response?
Fc receptors
what is the most common type of Ig?
IgG
what is the first Ig to appear in response to an antigen?
IgM
where is the trachea palpated?
jugular notch
what nerve supplies the rectum?
S4/inferior rectal nerve (S2, 3, 4, keeps penis, poo and pee off the floor)
what antibiotic is used for gram +ve cover?
vancomycin
what are the main “mycin” antibiotics used for? eg clarithromycin
streptococcal infections
URTI/LRTI
mycoplasma infection
gastric ulcers caused by H.Pylori
CF gene is autosomal recessive. Mum and dad are both unaffected but daughter is affected. What are the chances that another unaffected daughter is a carrier?
2/3
what bone has no articulation in the body?
hyoid bone
when would you use antimicrobial soap?
choose the most serious option
What happens if there is reduced amounts of 2,3-DPG?
there is more dissociation
what is 2,3-DPG?
it is an acid that helps bind O2
what is the worst type of MRSA?
Panton valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
What are the bones of the hand?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
“some lover try positions that they cannot handle”
What CN are parasympathetic?
II, VII, IX, X
What CN are sympathetic?
None
What are the sympathetic spinal outflow?
T1-L2
How do you investigate and manage sepsis?
BUFALO Blood cultures/any other relevant cultures eg stool Urine output measurement Fluids (IV) Antibiotics LDH (lactase dehydrogenase) and FBC O2 high flow
What are the causes of Clubbing?
CLUBBING Cyanotic heart disease Lung disease UC/Crohn's Biliary cirrhosis Birth defect Infective endocarditis Neoplasm (esp Hodgkins) GI malabsorption
What is incidence and prevalence?
Incidence - the new cases
Prevalence - the overall number of cases
what is specificity and sensitivity?
Specificity - ‘true negatives’
Sensitivity - ‘true positives’
How would you treat a staph aureus infection?
Flucloxacillin
How do you treat MRSA
Vancomycin or Teicoplanin
How would you treat mild C.difficile?
metronidazole
How would you treat severe C.difficile?
ORAL vancomycin (only time you use oral, as you want it to stay in the gut)
What is the appearance of neissieria menigitis?
aerobic gram -ve cocci
what happens to blood volume in sepsis?
circulating blood volume decreases
what is a granuloma?
a collection of macrophages that is manifested in an inflammatory process
