Principles Buzzwords

Question 1

What Ig is found in the mucosa?

Answer 1

IgA

Question 2

what produces endotoxins?

Answer 2

gram -ve

Question 3

what produces exotoxin?

Answer 3

gram +ve

Question 4

which Ig is found in breast milk?

Answer 4

IgA

Question 5

which Ig is associated with hypersensitivity?

Answer 5

IgE

Question 6

what receptor does IgE bind to to bring about a response?

Answer 6

Fc receptors

Question 7

what is the most common type of Ig?

Answer 7

IgG

Question 8

what is the first Ig to appear in response to an antigen?

Answer 8

IgM

Question 9

where is the trachea palpated?

Answer 9

jugular notch

Question 10

what nerve supplies the rectum?

Answer 10

S4/inferior rectal nerve (S2, 3, 4, keeps penis, poo and pee off the floor)

Question 11

what antibiotic is used for gram +ve cover?

Answer 11

vancomycin

Question 12

what are the main “mycin” antibiotics used for? eg clarithromycin

Answer 12

streptococcal infections
URTI/LRTI
mycoplasma infection
gastric ulcers caused by H.Pylori

Question 13

CF gene is autosomal recessive. Mum and dad are both unaffected but daughter is affected. What are the chances that another unaffected daughter is a carrier?

Answer 13

2/3

Question 14

what bone has no articulation in the body?

Answer 14

hyoid bone

Question 15

when would you use antimicrobial soap?

Answer 15

choose the most serious option

Question 16

What happens if there is reduced amounts of 2,3-DPG?

Answer 16

there is more dissociation

Question 17

what is 2,3-DPG?

Answer 17

it is an acid that helps bind O2

Question 18

what is the worst type of MRSA?

Answer 18

Panton valentine Leukocidin (PVL)

Question 19

What are the bones of the hand?

Answer 19

Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquetrum 
Pisiform 
Trapezium 
Trapezoid 
Capitate 
Hamate 

“some lover try positions that they cannot handle”

Question 20

What CN are parasympathetic?

Answer 20

II, VII, IX, X

Question 21

What CN are sympathetic?

Answer 21

None

Question 22

What are the sympathetic spinal outflow?

Answer 22

T1-L2

Question 23

How do you investigate and manage sepsis?

Answer 23

BUFALO 
Blood cultures/any other relevant cultures eg stool 
Urine output measurement 
Fluids (IV) 
Antibiotics 
LDH (lactase dehydrogenase) and FBC 
O2 high flow

Question 24

What are the causes of Clubbing?

Answer 24

CLUBBING 
Cyanotic heart disease 
Lung disease 
UC/Crohn's
Biliary cirrhosis 
Birth defect 
Infective endocarditis 
Neoplasm (esp Hodgkins) 
GI malabsorption

Question 25

What is incidence and prevalence?

Answer 25

Incidence - the new cases

Prevalence - the overall number of cases

Question 26

what is specificity and sensitivity?

Answer 26

Specificity - ‘true negatives’

Sensitivity - ‘true positives’

Question 27

How would you treat a staph aureus infection?

Answer 27

Flucloxacillin

Question 28

How do you treat MRSA

Answer 28

Vancomycin or Teicoplanin

Question 29

How would you treat mild C.difficile?

Answer 29

metronidazole

Question 30

How would you treat severe C.difficile?

Answer 30

ORAL vancomycin (only time you use oral, as you want it to stay in the gut)

Question 31

What is the appearance of neissieria menigitis?

Answer 31

aerobic gram -ve cocci

Question 32

what happens to blood volume in sepsis?

Answer 32

circulating blood volume decreases

Question 33

what is a granuloma?

Answer 33

a collection of macrophages that is manifested in an inflammatory process