Gastrointestinal Buzzwords Flashcards
Gingival Hypertrophy –> gingivectomy/biting on own gum
Side effect of CCB or phenytoin
bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
achalasia
If in lower Gi imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
Grey Turner’s (lumber redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive
acute pancreatitis
Murphy’s sign positive
Cholecystitis
pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
biliary obstruction
abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
portal hypertension + ascites
pyoderma gangernosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn’s/UC
“tinkling bowel sounds”
bowel obstruction
vesicular rash + weight loss
coeliac disease
Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular)
gastric cancer
urea breath test
H.Pylori
14C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
“rice-water” like stools
vibrio cholera
presence of AMA
Primary biliary stenosis
presence of ASMA
autoimmune hepatitis
Alpha feto protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma
cobblestone mucosa - indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa
Crohn’s disease
diuretics fro ascites (due to cirrhosis)
spironolactone
corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
Sever abdominal pain _ D&V after raw milk
campylobacter
Russel’s sign
self induced vomiting
mallory’s hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
Crypt abscess/cryptitis
inflammatory bowel Crohn’s
onion skin fibrosis, bleeding of bile duct
primary sclerosing cholangitis
signet ring cells seen on biopsy
linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexures
ischaemic colitis
charcot’s triad
acute cholangitis ie fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis
causes for abdominal mass?
A CHEMICAL
AAA Crohn's Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Crypt or Abcess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy
Causes for bowel obstruction?
BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture
diarrhoea - source of infection?
undercooked poultry, ill grandchild
side effect of spironolactone?
gynaecomastia
dental stuff
indicator of recent damage, indicator of prolonged history of damage
what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?
stomatis gangrenosum
replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
barrett’s oesophagus/ precancer
duke’s classification
colorectal cancer
A - confined to bowel wall
B - local spread outwith bowel wall
C - lymph node metastases
Causes of liver disease:
ABCDEFGHI Autoimmune hep B hep C Drugs eg paracetamol Ethanol Fatty Liver Disease (NASH - obesity) Growth (cancer/metastases) Haemodynamic eg congestive heart failure Infiltration [iron] (eg haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease) OR Infective
AST raised
wASTed
Alcoholic liver disease
ALT is more what than AST
ALT is more specific to the Liver
Causes of pancreatitis
I GET SMASHED Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion Stings Hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia ERCP Drugs
megaloblastic anaemia
Cytotoxic drugs eg methotrexate
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
pruritus causes
ITCH Iron deficiency anaemia/internal malignancy Thyroid/Type I diabetes CRF/Chronic liver disease HIV/Hereditary Haemochromatosis
how much water is reabsorbed in the small intestine?
90%
how much water is reabsorped in the large intestine?
10%
malnutrition score
MUST score
treatment of ascites?
spironolactone
where does a femoral hernia occur
inferior lateral to pubic tubercle
where does a direct inguinal hernia occur?
medial to pubic tubercle
where does an indirect inguinal hernia occur?
lateral to pubic tubercle
diarrhoea in AIDs/HIV
cryptosporidium
