ENT Buzzwords Flashcards
fluid level behind drum
otitis media with effusion
retracted drum
otitis media with effusion
dull colour
otitis media with effusion
difficult at school + have to shout loud to hear
OME
feeling of fullness in the ear
menieres disease
loss of corneal reflex (+ sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus)
acoustic neuroma assoc with NF2
vertigo on rotation movement of head
BPPV
battle sign
bruise on skull specific to mastoid process of temporal bone fracture
pearl white otoscopy and foul, cheesy discharge
cholesteatoma
white patch on red/raw mucous membranes in throat/mouth
candida/thrush
how do you treat candida/thrush?
muconazole gel
fluconazole
sore throat with a grey-white membrane across the pharynx
diphtheria
increased risk if russian
diphtheria
how do you treat diphtheria
anti-toxin
commonest cancer in china/hong kong
nasopharyngeal cancer
painless lump in neck in posterior triangle asian patient
nasopharyngeal cancer
how is nasopharyngeal monitored?
measurement of EBV antibodies
most malignant tumours of oral cavity are ….
squamous cell carcinomas
commonest sites of oral cavity cancer ….
lateral borders of the tongue and floor of the mouth
what does cleft palate and other maxofacial deformities predispose
middle ear problems
what can anticoagulant overdose cause
when should it be considered
epstaxis
recent surgery patients
attaches to base of tongue and moves when tongue sticks out
thyroglossal cyst
what is salolithiasis
formation of stones within the salivary glands, which obstruct salivary ducts and predispose to infection
where and who is salolthiasis most common
submandibular gland in men over 40
produces pain and swelling after eating
salolithiasis
risk of thyroid surgery
laryngeal nerve palsy –> hoarseness
commonest salivary gland tumour
pleomorphic adenoma
slow growing, rubbery consistency, potent for malignant change
pleomorphic adenoma
indications for tonsillectomy
- suspected malignancy
- obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy
- recurrent tonsillitis: 5 attacks a year for at least 2 years
- quinsy in a patient with history of recurrent tonsillitis
ototoxic medication
aminoglycosides and aspirin
hoarseness > 3 weeks investigation
indirect laryngoscopy
new born with stridor
laryngomalacia
barking cough
croup
hoarse voice, fever, far worse, “looks toxis”
epiglottis
investigation for preorbital cellulitis
CT to identify any abscess
low frequency sounds stimulate…
apical regions of cochlea
high frequency sounds stimulate…
basal regions of cochlea
Le fort fractures:
type 1
most inferior
Le fort fractures: type 2
most superior and splits the base of the skull
Le fort fractures: type 2 and 3
disrupt cribriform plate resulign in spread of infection fromnasal cavity and paranasal sinsues into anterior cranial fossa
pinna haematoma (cauliflower ear) treatment
aspiration to get rid of blood then suturing flaps together
longitudinal temporal bone fractures (80%)
conductive deafness
lateral blows
transverse fracture (20%)
sensorineural hearing loss
frontal blow
mild vertigo, dysarthria and ataxia (disorder of speech, balance)
woman 20-40yrs
multiple sclerosis
deafness after showers in someone with poor hygiene
wax obstruction
deafness + kidney failure
alports syndrome
bulging forward lump from the middle third of sternocleidomastoid
branchial cyst
commonest cause of hoarsness lasting <3 weeks
laryngitis
elderly female with dysphagia, hoarse voice, aspiration pneumonia, cough, halitosis, regurgitation
pharyngeal pouch
untreated pharyngeal pouch –>
pharyngeal carcinoma
reed-sternberg cells pathogmonic for…
hodgkins lymphoma
