Respiratory Bacterial Zoonose Flashcards
How is plague (Yersinia Pestis) transmitted?
via a vector, the flea and in the pneumonic form can be transmitted human to human
How is Brucellosis acquired?
direct contact w/ animals or by consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
How is Q fever acquired?
inhalation of animal aerosols
T or F. Brucellosis and Q fever be transmitted from human to human?
False
What is the most common natural form of plague?
bubonic plague
Where is Yp found in the US?
New Mexico and adjoining states and some Rocky Mountain States to the north
What are the keys to the Dx for Yp?
History
Large swollen painful nodes
Failure to respond to beta-lactam and macrolides
Is plague pneumonia fatal? contagious?
yes and yes!
How does one acquire primary plague pneumonia?
from a person or a cat w/ plague pneumonia
Yp.. negative or positive?
negative
What does Yp look like?
rods w/ bipolar inclusion bodies … safety pins
What can Yp grow on?
BAP and enteric media
What are the virulence factors of Yp?
type 3 secretion system injects effectors into host cells – paralyze phagocytes and suppress the immune response, F1 protein Ag capsule
What are symptoms of Bubonic plague?
swollen painful axial or inguinal, femoral lymph nodes (buboes), fever, chills, headache, possible nausea, vomiting, prostration
What are the symptoms of septicemic plague?
w/ or w/out buboes, severe toxemia and general organ system failure, vomiting, diarrhea, petechiae to extreme DIC
What are the symptoms of Pneumonic plague?
Secondary - productive sputum more bloody and watery than purulent, necrotic, septic
Primary - symptoms same as secondary but before septicemia.
What should be done for a secondary pneumonic plague?
requires isolation of pt and prophylaxis for all exposed individuals
What is the DDx for a pt including w/ a bubo?
- tularemia
- chancroid - no sepsis, less local pain, and recent history of sexual contact and genital lesions.
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- strep, staph adenitis - should be less septic and the lymph node, purulent association
- Cat scratch disease - indolent course
What suggest Yp?
Gram negative rods in sputum of an otherwise immunocompetent pt
Where is natural plague contracted?
where silvatic plaque exists - entirely west of Mississippi and narrow range in west
How can one Dx plague?
serological - based on Abs to F1 surface protein Ag
Gram stains of buboes, sputum, blood - safety pins
Culture
IF test
New RADT
What is the Rx for plague?
gentamicin, streptomycin, doxy, cipro.
What is the post-exposure (pneumonic) treatment for plague?
doxy for 7 days
What can Brucellosis be found in?
cows, pigs, sheep and goats
Brucellosis - negative or positive? aerobic or anerboic? shape?
negative aerboic coccobacillus
It Brucellosis and intracellular or extraceullar parasite and of what system?
facultative IC of the RES
How long does it take to culture Brucellois?
one week on rich medium
What is another name of Brucellosis?
undulant fever
What type of infection does Brucellosis cause?
slow, moving chronic infection but initial infection can be acute (flu symptoms w/ high fever)
What are symptoms of Brucellosis?
relapsing fever, night sweats, weakness, back ache, wt loss, fatigue
- dry cough, pleuritic pain
What is the typical lesion on biopsy of bone or liver for a Brucellosis infection?
a granuloma
Where can Brucellosis spread?
bones (lower vertebrae), liver, heart, GI, and genitourinary tracts
Who is at risk for Brucellosis?
- people handling animals or animal viscera
2. consumers of raw milk, unpasteurized cheese
Is there any human -human transmission for Brucellosis?
no
How does one Dx Brucellosis?
serological, culture on rich media (bone marrow)
What is the treatment for Brucellosis?
prolonged course of antibiotics (doxy plus an aminoglycoside)
What is Q fever caused by?
Coxiella Burneti (Cb)
What type of parasite is Q fever?
obligate IC that infects animals
Cb – positive or negative? where does it replicate?
negative bacillus. phagolysosomes
What are the symptoms for Q fever?
1/3 to 1/2- asymptomatic, acute febrile illness, sometimes liver/heart involvement, endocariditis
How is Q fever transmitted?
via aerosol, handling viscera, or drinking raw milk, and at times by ticks
What is the animal reservoir for Q fever?
cow, sheep, goat
How does Q fever infect animals?
has a spore-like form that distributes miles by wind — Catergory B
How does one Dx Q fever?
high or rising Ab titers to Q fever Ag
What is the treatment for Q fever?
most infections spontaneously resolve but doxy Rx can shorten duration and reduce risk for chronic infection
