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Pulmonary Micro > Fungal Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum, Bastomycetes Dermatidis, Coccidiodes Immitis

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2
Q

What are the 3 opportunistic mycoses?

A

Aspergillus spp., Zygomycetes (Mycormycosis), Pneumocystis Jerovici

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3
Q

Are the systemic mycoses dimorphic?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is the reason that dimorphic fungi are resistant to phagocytic killing?

A

The tissue form, not the environmental form (mold) is invasive and resistant

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5
Q

What is the distinct form of conida that Histoplasma form?

A

Tuberculate (bumpy)

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6
Q

Where is Histoplasma found and in what form?

A

It is found as mold in soul with bird/bat excrement; OH + MS River Valley and Central America

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7
Q

What does the Histoplasma yeast target in the human body?

A

The RES System (Lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)

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8
Q

What disease does H. Capsulatum cause?

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

What is the damage from fungal infections caused by?

A

Our immune system response to phago-resistant fungi

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Histoplasmosis?

A

None > mild flu > pneumonia

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11
Q

What patients have an increased risk of contracting Histoplasmosis?

A

ICP’s

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12
Q

What is the difference between B. Dermatitis and H. Capsulatum in terms of where they can survive?

A

B. Dermatitis cannot survive in macrophages when in the yeast form

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13
Q

Where is B. Dermatitis found?

A

In the soil of the Mid-South, SE, and Mid-West

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14
Q

Who is most commonly infected with B. Dermatitis?

A

Middle aged to older men

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15
Q

What disease does B. Dermatitis cause?

A

Blastomycosis

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16
Q

What symptoms does Blastomycosis cause?

A

Acute Pneumo (Brown, purulent/bloody sputum) and wart-like skin lesions > meningitis

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17
Q

What does Blastomycosis look like? Hint: Lung masses develop

A

TB/Cancer

18
Q

What form does Coccidiodes Immitis take in its tissue form?

A

Spherules

19
Q

Because it is highly infective, C. immitis is considered a what?

A

Bioweapon

20
Q

Where is C. Immitis found?

A

The semi-arid climates of SW US

21
Q

What disease does C. Immitis cause?

A

Coccidiodomycosis (Valley fever - San Joaquin, CA)

22
Q

What symptoms does C. Immitis cause?

A

None > flu > Skin lesions > mengitis

23
Q

Who is most likely to get Coccidiodomycosis?

A

Men, dark skinned, ICP’s (increased for dissemination)

24
Q

What are the treatments for Systemic Mycoses?

A

If healthy: Observe for 1 mo., if infection after 1 mo = 6-12 wks azole
If chronic/systemic = Amp B for wks > Azole for 1-2 yrs
If ICP = Abp b for wks > Azole for rest of life

25
Q

What form does Aspergillus spp. form and where is it found?

A

45 degree branching septate hyphae; It is a nosocomial infection so it is found in hospital air ducts (ICP’s)

26
Q

What disease does A. spp. cause?

A

Aspergillosis

27
Q

What symptoms will a patient with Aspergillosis exhibit?

A

Previous respiratory disorders; an aspergilloma @ pre-existing lesion

28
Q

What form does Zygomycetes (Mucormycoses) take?

A

90 degree broad nonseptate hyphae

29
Q

Under what conditions are Zygomycetes found?

A

After an increase in soil disturbance; think tornadoes

30
Q

What disease does Zygomycetes cause?

A

Mucormycosis/zygomycosis

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Mucormycosis?

A

Acidosis (diabetes pts) or corticosteroid pts; presents as pneumonia or rhinocerebral form (rapid death)

32
Q

What form does P. Jerovici take?

A

Thin walled cysts that contain sporozoites; NO hyphae

33
Q

What is special about the way P. Jerovici is cultured?

A

It cannot be cultured - both fungal and protozoal characteristics

34
Q

What is the P. Jerovici membrane made of?

A

Cholesterol

35
Q

What disease does P. Jerovici cause?

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP)

36
Q

What does pneumocystis pneumonia look like? What causes death?

A

Like diffuse interstitial pneumonia; asphyxiation

37
Q

What is the treatment for the Opportunistic fungi?

A 
Asp./Zyg: = Amp B + Excision
Pneumo = O2 + Trimethorpim-sulfa-methoxazole
38
Q

What does KOH stain for fungals?

A

Ergesterol

39
Q

AIDS is the most common predisposing condition to PcP, what therapy has reduced the incidence of PcP in the AIDS population?

A

HAART therapy

40
Q

Cultures must be grown from what for Aspergillosis?

A

Brochoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Pulmonary Micro (19 decks)

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