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Pharmacology > Respiratory: Asthma > Flashcards

Respiratory: Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs act as bronchodilatorys

A

SABAs
LABAs
CystLT1 receptor antagonists
xanthines

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2
Q

What drugs act as controllers? ie anti inflammatory

A

glucocorticoids
Chromoglicate
Monoclonal antibodies
Xanthines

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3
Q

What g protein couples with beta 2 adrenoceptors?

A

Gs

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4
Q

What does agonisation of beta 2 result in

A

Activates adenyly cyclase and increases cAMP production

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5
Q

What does increases cAMP mean in broncho smooth muscle

A

Increase protein kinase A
Phosphorylates MLCK
RELAXATION

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6
Q

What two kinases are involved in beta 2 adrenoceptor desensitization and endocytosis?

A

Protein kinase A

G protein receptor

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7
Q

Describe the endosytosis of beta adrenoceptors

A 
Receptor phosphorylated by GRL
B arrestin binds to resceptor
Becomes a vesicle within the cell
Endosome= recycled
Lysosome= degraded
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8
Q

How long do SABA effects last?

A

30 mins= maximal effect

lasts 4-6 hours

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9
Q

What are the side effects of SABAs?

A

Fine tremor

Occasional tachycardia

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10
Q

How do CysLT1 receptor antagonists work?

A

Competitively block CysLT1 receptor.
Cyst LTs come from mast cell degranulation and inflammatory cells and cause bronchoconstriction by acting on CysLT1 receptors
This is blocked using Cyst LT1 antagonists

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11
Q

What encourages the release of LTA4 from mast cells?

A

Mast cell activation causes intracellular release of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2.
This stimulates FLAP which releases LTA

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12
Q

When are CysLT1s used?

A

Add on therapy in mild persistant asthma.

Good for both allergic and exercise asthma

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13
Q

Name two cystLT1 receptor antagonist?

A

Montelukast

Zafirlukast

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14
Q

Name two xanthines?

A

Aminophylline and theophylline

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15
Q

How do glucocorticoids signal ?

A

Via nuclear receptors

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16
Q

What do glucocorticoids bind to within the cytoplasm?

A

GR alpha

17
Q

How are glucocorticoids taken up into the nucleus?

A

By importins

18
Q

What happens to glucocorticoids in the nucleus?

A

The activated receptors bind assemble to homodimers and bind to GrE in the promotor region
Certain genese are swithed on or off

19
Q

How are inflammatory genes expressed?

A

Associated with acetylation of histones by histone acetyltransferases.

20
Q

How do glucocorticoids switch off inflammatory genes?

A

Recruit histone deacetylases

21
Q

What effects to glucocorticoids have that are relevent to asthma?

A 
Decrease Th2 production
Cause apoptosis
Decrease eosinophils
Prevent IgE production
Decrease number of mast cells and decrease FcE expression
22
Q

What are the advese affects of glucocorticoids?

A

Dysphonia

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

23
Q

Name a cromolin

A

Sodium cromoglicate

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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