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Pharmacology > Cardiology: Rate and Force > Flashcards

Cardiology: Rate and Force Flashcards

1
Q

What type of G protein is coupled to B1 adrenoceptors?

A

Gs

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2
Q

What does the activation of B1 adrenoceptors cause?

A

Activation of adenylyl cyclase

Increase in the production cAMP

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3
Q

What effect does an increased in cAMP have?

A

Increased HR
Increased contractility
Decreased AV nodal delay
Decrease cardiac efficiency

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4
Q

What g protein acts on M2 receptors?

A

Gi

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5
Q

What does the activation of M2 receptors cause

A

Deactivation of adenyly cyclase

Decrease in cAMP

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6
Q

What does a decreased in cAMP cause

A

decrease HR
decreased contractility
increased AV nodal delay
Parasympathetic stimulation can cause dysrhythmias

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7
Q

What acticated HCN channels?

A

Hyperpolarisation

cAMP

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8
Q

What does the activation of HCN channels cause?

A

The pacemaker potential

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9
Q

What is the affect of blocking HCN channels?

A

Decreased slope of the pacemaker potential

Reduced heart rate

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10
Q

Name a drug that selectively blocks HCN and when it is used?

A

Ivabradine

Used in angina

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11
Q

Name a non selective Beta adrenoceptor agonist?

A

Adrenaline

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12
Q

When would you use adrenaline?

A

Severe asthma attack
Anaphalixis
Cardiac arrest

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13
Q

Name a B1 selective adrenoceptor agonist?

A

Dobutamine

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14
Q

When would dobutamine be used?

A

Acute REVERSIBLE heart failure eg after surgery or cardiogenic shock

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15
Q

What factor can influence the activity of a Beta adrenoceptor antagonist?

A

The degree of sympathetic stimulation ie. beta blocker only affective during exercise

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16
Q

Name a non selective beta blocker?

A

Propranalol

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of propranalol?

A

Blocks beta 2 as well- can cause small amount of vasoconstriction on small coronary vessels

18
Q

Name two selective beta blockers.

A

Metoprolol

Atenolol

19
Q

When are beta blockers used?

A

Treat arrythmias
Hypertension
Angina
Heart failure

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of beta blockers?

A 
Bronchospasm
Fatigue
Hypoglycaemia
Bradycardia
Cold extremities
21
Q

Name a non selective muscarinic antagonist.

A

Atropine

22
Q

When is atropine used?

A

To reverse bradycardia following an MI

23
Q

What is digoxin?

A

Cardiac glycoside that has a positive inotropic affect

But is slows the heart rate but increasing AV nodal delay

24
Q

When should digoxin not be used?

A

Hypokalaemia

25
Q

When is dixogin useful?

A

In AF coupled with heart failure

26
Q

What are the unwanted affects of digoxin?

A

Heart block

Can cause dyrhythmias

27
Q

Name one more ionotropic drug?

A

Levosimendan

28
Q

What is levosimendan?

A

Calcium sensitizer- it increased the affinity of troponin for calcium

29
Q

What other affects does levosimendan have?

A

Opens K channels which cause vasodilation in smooth muscle

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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