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PCM III > Respiratory and HEENT > Flashcards

Respiratory and HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

hair pattern and texture

A

thyroid dysfunction

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2
Q

prominent features

A

congenital abnormalities

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3
Q

hirsutism

A

endocrine disorder

unwanted hair patterns in women

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4
Q

mild microcephaly

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

bullet shaped top of head

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5
Q

broad nasal bridge

A

fragile X syndrome

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6
Q

low nasal bridge and frontal prominence

A

hurler syndrome

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7
Q

downward slanting of palpebral fissures, low set ears, micrognathia

A

treacher collins syndrome

micrognathia - small mouth

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8
Q

elongated head
coarsened facial feature
bony overgrowth of forehead, nose, and lower jaw

A

acromegaly

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9
Q

moon face
red cheeks
hirsuitism

A

cushings disease

moon face - takes on swollen rounded look

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10
Q

puffy face

thin and coarse eyebrows and hair

A

hypothyroid

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11
Q

tragus

A

sticking out anterior ear

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12
Q

ear height

A

should touch or be above imaginary line between inner canthus of eye and most prominent protuberance of occiput

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13
Q

developmental defect in branchial arches - sinus tract in front of ear superiorly

A

preauricular pit

can get infected

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14
Q

overgrowth of collagen in scar tissue

A

keloid

beyond borders of original injury

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15
Q

repeated trauma to ear and gets deformed

A

cauliflower ear

hematoma separates cartilage from perichondrium

scar tissues fills gaps

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16
Q

light reflex

A

when looking into ear
-tells you about pressure in ear

5 oclock right ear
7 oclock left ear

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17
Q

impacted cerumen

A

patient cant hear
-feels full

irrigate with warm water

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18
Q

otitis externa

A

intense pain and loss of hearing in one ear

most often pseudomonas

pull ear lobe - pain - otitis externa

tx - ear drop antibiotics

can be dangerous, especially in diabetics
-infection of soft tissue of base of skull - malignant otitis externa

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19
Q

otitis media

A

common in kids

50% clear without antibiotics

marked inflammation of tympanic membrane itself

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20
Q

glue ear

A

repeated otitis media

fluid doesnt drain

hearing loss and lots of problems

needs tubes in ears

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21
Q

myringotomy tube

A

ear tubes

allows middle ear to drain

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22
Q

hemotympanum

A

blood in middle ear

with head trauma

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23
Q

tympanic membrane retraction

A

repeated otitis media

scars down and retracts

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24
Q

foreign body in ear

A

often bug

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25
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of inner lining of nose

allergic - antigen caused

seasonal allergic - peak times of year

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26
Q

nasal polyp

A

from chronic rhinitis

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27
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

anterior and posterior

anterior more - nose picking
-kesselbechs plexus

posterior - more of a problem

  • sphenopalantine artery
  • hospital/surgery
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28
Q

deviated septum

A

congenital or trauma causes

29
Q

septal perforation

A

cocaine users

30
Q

sinusitis

A

swelling in sinuses
-keep cilia from moving mucus

infection - viruses - cause swelling and narrowing
-slow mucus flow - secondary bacterial infection

31
Q

most sinusitis

A

frontal

maxillary

32
Q

ddx of sinusitis

A

clinical diagnosis

but can see air fluid level

33
Q

most common skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma
-often lower lip

slow growing - rare mets
sun exposed areas
fair skinned individuals

radiaiton exposure

34
Q

scaly crusty patch on lip

A

squamous cell carcinoma

more aggressive and early mets

35
Q

stage 1 herpes

A

asymptomatic

36
Q

stage 2 herpes

A

virus goes to latent stage and migrates to dorsal root ganglion

37
Q

stage 3 herpes

A

stress - recurrent infection at original site

38
Q

herpes

A

often HSV-1

hurts**

39
Q

auto dominant, melanin deposition of mucous membranes

A

peutz jeghers syndrome

increased risk of GI cancers**

40
Q

oral cancer

A

very aggressive

41
Q

tooth attrition

A

grinding of teeth

-wear away enamel

42
Q

tooth erosion

A

of enamel

individuals with bulimia

43
Q

thrush

A

candida

infants, immunosuppressed, chemo pts

white cottage cheese looking lesion on tongue

scrapes off

44
Q

loss of papillae on tongue

A

geographic tongue

vit B deficiency

no treatment

45
Q

fissured tongue

A

usually asymptomatic

46
Q

hairy leukoplakia

A

not good

with HIV infection

pipe smoking of tobacco

usually painless

doesnt scrape off

47
Q

oral carcinoma

A

often because improper exam

48
Q

tonsillar carcinoma

A

squamous cell usually

likely link to HPV infection

49
Q

hard bony growth in center of roof of mouth

A

torus palatinus

benign bony growth

females over age 30

occasionally removed

50
Q

tonsillitis

A

strep pyogenes - risk of rheumatic fever

tx - antibiotics

often gram positive bacteria

51
Q

mono

A

often has tonsillitis assocation

52
Q

cyanotic

A

hypoxemia

53
Q

pink

A

emphysema

54
Q

pallor

A

anemia

55
Q

nail clubbing

A

chronically hypoxic

overgrowth of bony areas

56
Q

barrel chest

A

COPD

57
Q

pigeon chest

A

pectus carinatum

58
Q

funnel chest

A

pectus excavatum

59
Q

tactile fremitus

A

helpful in diagnosing consolidation of lungs

60
Q

spinous process of T3

A

posterior where upper lobe is different than lower lobe of lung

61
Q

horizontal fissure

A

right upper lobe of lung and right middle lobe

62
Q

right oblique fissure

A

right middle lobe of lung and right lower lobe

63
Q

left oblique fissure

A

left upper lobe and left lower lobe of lung

64
Q

decreased breath sounds**, bronchial sounds, rhonchi wheezing, dull percussion, increased bronchophony, and increased tactile fremitus

A

pneumonia

65
Q

sound travel

A

moves better through fluid than air

66
Q

decreased breath sounds, wheezing rhonchi, hyperresonnance**, bronchophony decreased, tactile fremitus decreased

A

COPD

also increased top to bottom of lung

67
Q

decreased breath sounds, rales** (crackles), unchanged or decreased percussion, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus unchanged

A

CHF

fluid in interstitium**

68
Q

breath sound absent one side, marked hyperresonance**, decreased bronchophony and decreased tactile fremitus

A

pneumothorax

69
Q

decreased auscultation, dullness on affected side, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus decreased

A

pleural effusion

PCM III (17 decks)

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