Respiratory and HEENT Flashcards
hair pattern and texture
thyroid dysfunction
prominent features
congenital abnormalities
hirsutism
endocrine disorder
unwanted hair patterns in women
mild microcephaly
fetal alcohol syndrome
bullet shaped top of head
broad nasal bridge
fragile X syndrome
low nasal bridge and frontal prominence
hurler syndrome
downward slanting of palpebral fissures, low set ears, micrognathia
treacher collins syndrome
micrognathia - small mouth
elongated head
coarsened facial feature
bony overgrowth of forehead, nose, and lower jaw
acromegaly
moon face
red cheeks
hirsuitism
cushings disease
moon face - takes on swollen rounded look
puffy face
thin and coarse eyebrows and hair
hypothyroid
tragus
sticking out anterior ear
ear height
should touch or be above imaginary line between inner canthus of eye and most prominent protuberance of occiput
developmental defect in branchial arches - sinus tract in front of ear superiorly
preauricular pit
can get infected
overgrowth of collagen in scar tissue
keloid
beyond borders of original injury
repeated trauma to ear and gets deformed
cauliflower ear
hematoma separates cartilage from perichondrium
scar tissues fills gaps
light reflex
when looking into ear
-tells you about pressure in ear
5 oclock right ear
7 oclock left ear
impacted cerumen
patient cant hear
-feels full
irrigate with warm water
otitis externa
intense pain and loss of hearing in one ear
most often pseudomonas
pull ear lobe - pain - otitis externa
tx - ear drop antibiotics
can be dangerous, especially in diabetics
-infection of soft tissue of base of skull - malignant otitis externa
otitis media
common in kids
50% clear without antibiotics
marked inflammation of tympanic membrane itself
glue ear
repeated otitis media
fluid doesnt drain
hearing loss and lots of problems
needs tubes in ears
myringotomy tube
ear tubes
allows middle ear to drain
hemotympanum
blood in middle ear
with head trauma
tympanic membrane retraction
repeated otitis media
scars down and retracts
foreign body in ear
often bug
rhinitis
inflammation of inner lining of nose
allergic - antigen caused
seasonal allergic - peak times of year
nasal polyp
from chronic rhinitis
epistaxis
nosebleed
anterior and posterior
anterior more - nose picking
-kesselbechs plexus
posterior - more of a problem
- sphenopalantine artery
- hospital/surgery
deviated septum
congenital or trauma causes
septal perforation
cocaine users
sinusitis
swelling in sinuses
-keep cilia from moving mucus
infection - viruses - cause swelling and narrowing
-slow mucus flow - secondary bacterial infection
most sinusitis
frontal
maxillary
ddx of sinusitis
clinical diagnosis
but can see air fluid level
most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
-often lower lip
slow growing - rare mets
sun exposed areas
fair skinned individuals
radiaiton exposure
scaly crusty patch on lip
squamous cell carcinoma
more aggressive and early mets
stage 1 herpes
asymptomatic
stage 2 herpes
virus goes to latent stage and migrates to dorsal root ganglion
stage 3 herpes
stress - recurrent infection at original site
herpes
often HSV-1
hurts**
auto dominant, melanin deposition of mucous membranes
peutz jeghers syndrome
increased risk of GI cancers**
oral cancer
very aggressive
tooth attrition
grinding of teeth
-wear away enamel
tooth erosion
of enamel
individuals with bulimia
thrush
candida
infants, immunosuppressed, chemo pts
white cottage cheese looking lesion on tongue
scrapes off
loss of papillae on tongue
geographic tongue
vit B deficiency
no treatment
fissured tongue
usually asymptomatic
hairy leukoplakia
not good
with HIV infection
pipe smoking of tobacco
usually painless
doesnt scrape off
oral carcinoma
often because improper exam
tonsillar carcinoma
squamous cell usually
likely link to HPV infection
hard bony growth in center of roof of mouth
torus palatinus
benign bony growth
females over age 30
occasionally removed
tonsillitis
strep pyogenes - risk of rheumatic fever
tx - antibiotics
often gram positive bacteria
mono
often has tonsillitis assocation
cyanotic
hypoxemia
pink
emphysema
pallor
anemia
nail clubbing
chronically hypoxic
overgrowth of bony areas
barrel chest
COPD
pigeon chest
pectus carinatum
funnel chest
pectus excavatum
tactile fremitus
helpful in diagnosing consolidation of lungs
spinous process of T3
posterior where upper lobe is different than lower lobe of lung
horizontal fissure
right upper lobe of lung and right middle lobe
right oblique fissure
right middle lobe of lung and right lower lobe
left oblique fissure
left upper lobe and left lower lobe of lung
decreased breath sounds**, bronchial sounds, rhonchi wheezing, dull percussion, increased bronchophony, and increased tactile fremitus
pneumonia
sound travel
moves better through fluid than air
decreased breath sounds, wheezing rhonchi, hyperresonnance**, bronchophony decreased, tactile fremitus decreased
COPD
also increased top to bottom of lung
decreased breath sounds, rales** (crackles), unchanged or decreased percussion, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus unchanged
CHF
fluid in interstitium**
breath sound absent one side, marked hyperresonance**, decreased bronchophony and decreased tactile fremitus
pneumothorax
decreased auscultation, dullness on affected side, bronchophony unchanged, tactile fremitus decreased
pleural effusion
