Blood Smears Flashcards
peripheral smear
info regarding BM function
assess WBC, RBC, platelets
how to prepare peripheral smear
two slides
drop of blood on one slide
-second slide to spread across slide
blood goes from thick to thin
size of RBC
6-8 microns diameter
2 microns thick
biconcave disc
number of RBCs
normal - 4-6 x 10/6
lymphocyte size
6 microns
anisocytosis
variation in size of cells that are normally uniform
reticulocyte
no central pallor and larger than typical RBC
hypersegmented neutrophils
with macrocytic anemia**
poikilocytosis
variation in RBC shape
schistocytes
fragmented RBCs
TTP, DIC, HUS, defective heart valve, hemolytic anemias
acanthocyte
burr cell
projections
liver disorders
codocyte
target cell
sickle cell, HbC, thalassemias
do a Hg electrophoresis**
dacrocyte
tear drop
myeloproliferative disorder, myelofibrosis, pernicious anemia, thalassemia
stomatocyte
folded RBC - looks like mouth and lips
hemolytic anemias - constitutive or acquired
burr cell
acanthocyte
target cell
codocyte
tear drop
dacrocyte
poikilocytosis and anisocytosis
sickle cell anemia
poikilocytosis and anisocytosis with microcytes
beta-thal
sickledex solubility test
for SS trait and disease
sickle cell trait
HbS and HbA
sickle cell anemia
HbS and HbS
Hg in RBC
270 million Hg in one RBC - is the max
hypochromic
decreased [Hg]
central pallor or RBC
should be 1/3 of cell
increased central pallor
thalassemia
Fe deficiency
sideroblastic
decreased central pallor
spherocytosis
autoimmune hemolysis
recent blood transfusion
can see normal cells on peripheral smear
stack of coins
rouleaux formation
multiple myeloma
elevated plasma fibrinogen or globulins - increased proteins
clumping
cold agglutinins
normoblast
nucleated RBC
indicate stressed bone marrow unable to meet increased RBC requirements
hemolytic crises
basophilic stippling
dark-blue granules in RBC
lead poisoning
lead poisoning
basophilic stippling
howell jolly bodies
blue-black RBC inclusions on wright stained smear
nuclear fragments
hemolytic anemias or post-splenectomy patients
signet ring
plasmodium vivax
malaria blood smear
elliptocytes
hereditary
total WBC range
4-11 x 10/3
differential
for WBC
differntiates 5 main types of WBCs - gives percentage
absolute count
take total count times percent of cell type
nuetrophils
50-60%
bacterial infections, stress, corticosteroid therapy**
corticosteroid therapy
can cause large increase in neutrophils
lymphocytes
30-40%
elevated in viral infections
atypical lymphocytes
mononucleosis
EBV
fragile lymphocytes
smudge or basket cells
in CLL
monocytes
4%
eosinophils
<5%
parasite and allergy
basophils
<1%
elevated in CML
left shift
increase in immature forms in peripheral blood due to increased production
-infection, myeloid cancers
band cell
immature neutrophil
dohle body
toxic graunlation in cytoplasmc vacuole of WBC
systemic infection or inflammatory disease
hypersegmented neutrophils
> 5 lobes
megaloblastic anemia
reduced lobulation of mature neutrophils
peger-huet anomaly
myelodysplastic syndromes
blasts WBC
bad
myeloid or lymphoid neoplasia of WBCs
plasma cells
lymphoid neoplasia
multiple myeloma**
platelet count
150-450,000
megakaryocyte
birth platelets
oil immersion field platelets
see 7-20
platelets 50,000
time to transfuse
25,000 - spontaneous bleeding
platelets 1 million
can start clotting
1 unit of platelets
bump you up 25,000
usually give 5 or more**
giant platelets
with increased platelet destruction or consumption
petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
purpura
larger skin hemorrhage
thrombocytopenia
concerned with internal bleeding
dohle bodies
sepsis
eosinophils
parasitic infection
check stool for ova from parasites
target cell
congeintal abnormalities
thalassemia
schistocytes
fragmented RBCs
hemolytic anemia
band neutrophils
systemic infection
