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PCM III > Blood Smears > Flashcards

Blood Smears Flashcards

1
Q

peripheral smear

A

info regarding BM function

assess WBC, RBC, platelets

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2
Q

how to prepare peripheral smear

A

two slides

drop of blood on one slide
-second slide to spread across slide

blood goes from thick to thin

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3
Q

size of RBC

A

6-8 microns diameter
2 microns thick

biconcave disc

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4
Q

number of RBCs

A

normal - 4-6 x 10/6

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5
Q

lymphocyte size

A

6 microns

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6
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in size of cells that are normally uniform

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7
Q

reticulocyte

A

no central pallor and larger than typical RBC

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8
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

with macrocytic anemia**

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9
Q

poikilocytosis

A

variation in RBC shape

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10
Q

schistocytes

A

fragmented RBCs

TTP, DIC, HUS, defective heart valve, hemolytic anemias

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11
Q

acanthocyte

A

burr cell

projections

liver disorders

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12
Q

codocyte

A

target cell

sickle cell, HbC, thalassemias

do a Hg electrophoresis**

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13
Q

dacrocyte

A

tear drop

myeloproliferative disorder, myelofibrosis, pernicious anemia, thalassemia

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14
Q

stomatocyte

A

folded RBC - looks like mouth and lips

hemolytic anemias - constitutive or acquired

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15
Q

burr cell

A

acanthocyte

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16
Q

target cell

A

codocyte

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17
Q

tear drop

A

dacrocyte

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18
Q

poikilocytosis and anisocytosis

A

sickle cell anemia

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19
Q

poikilocytosis and anisocytosis with microcytes

A

beta-thal

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20
Q

sickledex solubility test

A

for SS trait and disease

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21
Q

sickle cell trait

A

HbS and HbA

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22
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

HbS and HbS

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23
Q

Hg in RBC

A

270 million Hg in one RBC - is the max

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24
Q

hypochromic

A

decreased [Hg]

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25
Q

central pallor or RBC

A

should be 1/3 of cell

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26
Q

increased central pallor

A

thalassemia
Fe deficiency
sideroblastic

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27
Q

decreased central pallor

A

spherocytosis

autoimmune hemolysis

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28
Q

recent blood transfusion

A

can see normal cells on peripheral smear

29
Q

stack of coins

A

rouleaux formation

multiple myeloma

elevated plasma fibrinogen or globulins - increased proteins

30
Q

clumping

A

cold agglutinins

31
Q

normoblast

A

nucleated RBC

indicate stressed bone marrow unable to meet increased RBC requirements

hemolytic crises

32
Q

basophilic stippling

A

dark-blue granules in RBC

lead poisoning

33
Q

lead poisoning

A

basophilic stippling

34
Q

howell jolly bodies

A

blue-black RBC inclusions on wright stained smear

nuclear fragments

hemolytic anemias or post-splenectomy patients

35
Q

signet ring

A

plasmodium vivax

malaria blood smear

36
Q

elliptocytes

A

hereditary

37
Q

total WBC range

A

4-11 x 10/3

38
Q

differential

A

for WBC

differntiates 5 main types of WBCs - gives percentage

39
Q

absolute count

A

take total count times percent of cell type

40
Q

nuetrophils

A

50-60%

bacterial infections, stress, corticosteroid therapy**

41
Q

corticosteroid therapy

A

can cause large increase in neutrophils

42
Q

lymphocytes

A

30-40%

elevated in viral infections

43
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

mononucleosis

EBV

44
Q

fragile lymphocytes

A

smudge or basket cells

in CLL

45
Q

monocytes

A

4%

46
Q

eosinophils

A

<5%

parasite and allergy

47
Q

basophils

A

<1%

elevated in CML

48
Q

left shift

A

increase in immature forms in peripheral blood due to increased production

-infection, myeloid cancers

49
Q

band cell

A

immature neutrophil

50
Q

dohle body

A

toxic graunlation in cytoplasmc vacuole of WBC

systemic infection or inflammatory disease

51
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

> 5 lobes

megaloblastic anemia

52
Q

reduced lobulation of mature neutrophils

A

peger-huet anomaly

myelodysplastic syndromes

53
Q

blasts WBC

A

bad

myeloid or lymphoid neoplasia of WBCs

54
Q

plasma cells

A

lymphoid neoplasia

multiple myeloma**

55
Q

platelet count

A

150-450,000

56
Q

megakaryocyte

A

birth platelets

57
Q

oil immersion field platelets

A

see 7-20

58
Q

platelets 50,000

A

time to transfuse

25,000 - spontaneous bleeding

59
Q

platelets 1 million

A

can start clotting

60
Q

1 unit of platelets

A

bump you up 25,000

usually give 5 or more**

61
Q

giant platelets

A

with increased platelet destruction or consumption

62
Q

petechiae

A

small pinpoint hemorrhage

thrombocytopenia

63
Q

purpura

A

larger skin hemorrhage

thrombocytopenia

concerned with internal bleeding

64
Q

dohle bodies

A

sepsis

65
Q

eosinophils

A

parasitic infection

check stool for ova from parasites

66
Q

target cell

A

congeintal abnormalities

thalassemia

67
Q

schistocytes

A

fragmented RBCs

hemolytic anemia

68
Q

band neutrophils

A

systemic infection

PCM III (17 decks)

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