Resp/HEENT, King, 10 questions on exam part I Flashcards
what is involved in head and face inspection
shape of head hair pattern and texture head motion expression of the face movements of forehead,eyes,mouth edema, puffiness or localized swelling, prominent features, hirsuitism
what can hair pattern and texure tell you about a patient
thyroid dysfunction
what can you detect in inspection as an effect of fetal alcohol syndrome
mild microcephaly
what syndrome has a broad nasal bridge
fragile X syndrome
what is characteristic of hurler syndrome
low nasal bridge
frontal prominence
characteristic of treacher collins syndrome
downward slanting of palpebral fissures
low set ears
micrognathia
characteristics acromegaly
elongated head
coarsened facial features
bony overgrowth of forehead, nose and lower jaw
characteristics of cushings
moon face
reddened cheeks
hirsuitism
characteristics of hypothyroidism
puffiness of the face
thinning and coarsening of eyebrows and hari
what do you inspect on ear exam
auricle for redness, lesions
canal for discharge, foreign bodies, redness swelling
TM for color and contour
what do you palpate on ear exam
auricle for massess or tenderness
where do you measure ear height
top of auricle should touch or be above a (imaginary) line between innter canthus of eye and most prominent protuberance of occiput
what is a preauricular pit
developmental defect in branchial arches
what is keloid
overgrowth of collagen in scar tissue
cauliflower ear
repeated blows to external ear
hematoma separates the cartilage from perichondrium
scar tissue fills the gap between the 2 layers
what is otitis externa
infeciton external canal
painful when auricle is pulled
common cause otitis externa
canal remaining moist and bacteria (pseudomonas)
what is Tx otitits externa
ear drops
or solution 1 part vinegar and 3 parts water
acute otitits media is dangerous in DM why
can spread and cause infection of soft tissues of base of skull called “malignant otitis externa”
what is otitis media
bacterial infection of middle ear, one of most common reason for pediatric physician vist
what can otitis media lead to
acute coalescent mastoiditis
What is glue ear
middle ear filled with glue like fluid
common, idiopathic
fluid dampens vibrations decreasing hearing
Tx glue ear
surgical usually, tiny cut in eardrum and fluid is drained and myringotomy tube is placed
what is hemotympanum
colleciton blood in middle ear
visible through TM
head trauma!
What can cause TM retraction
glue ear
what is TM retraction
portion weakens and retracts into middle ear from negative pressure
hearing decreased
What is rhinitis
inflammation lining of nose
runny itchy nose with sneezing and nasal congestion
what can cause allergic rhinitis
Ag or group of Ag
what is seasonal allergic rhinitis
pollen in air, sensitive patients have Sx during peak times of the year
Most common type epistaxis
anterior, bleeding visible on inspection, usually kesselbachs plexus
causes anterior epistaxis
airid climates, irritants, HTN, coagulopathies, drug use, cocaine
when does posterior epistaxis occur
older patients with fragile vessles because of HTN atherosclerosis, coagulopathies, weakened tissue
what is a deciated septum
condition whereby nasal septum is deviated laterally
can be congenital or secondary to trauma
what can cause septal perforation and what is it
inhalation (snorting) of vasoconstrictive substances (cocaine)
any condition where blood supply to septum is chronically compromised
What can cause sinusitis
anything that causes swelling in sinuses or keeps the cilia from moving mucus
can be change in temp or air pressure etc
what is most common skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
characterisitc basal cell carcinoma
slow growing
in exposed areas
fair skinned individuals
over exposure to radiation, solar, XR
how does SCC on lips appear
scaly crusting patch
What are the 3 stages herpes simplex 1
1: asymptomatic
2: latent phase and migrates to DRG
3: physical or emotional stress causing recurrence
What is peutz-jeghers syndrome
auto dom
melanin deposition of mucous membranes
multiple intestinal polyps
15 x increase in cancers in GI
