Resp/HEENT, King, 10 questions on exam part II Flashcards
what do you insepct in oral cavity
teeth, gums, buccal mucosa, tongue surfaces, hard palate, posterior oropharynx
What is thrush
oral infeciton from candida albicans
what patients is thrush seen in
infants immunosuppressed patients on antibiotic Tx patients on chemoTx usually complain of irritation of the mouth and altered taste
What is a geographic tongue
loss of papillae
linked to vit B deficiency
no Tx necessary
what is a fissured tongue
genetic condition
asymptomatic and noticed on routine examination
hairy leukoplakia
HIV
pipe smoking and chewing toabacco or snuff
may resemble thrush
usually painless
rarely undergoes malignant transformation
characteristic oral carcinoma
generally aggressive cancers
chronic alcohol and smoking
delayed Dx because inadequate examination
What type is tonsillar carcinoma and characteristics?
squamous cell
usually linke to HPV cells
often present late in the course of disease, few early Sx
what is torus palatinus
hard bony growth in center of roof of mouth
not a tumor but rather a benign bony growth called exostosis
commonly in F >30
rarely needs Tx
sometimes removed to fit dentures
What commonly causes tonsillitis
strep pyogenes
risk of rheumatic fever
Tx tonsillitis
antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever or tonsillar abscess formation
colors of respiratory appearance
cyanotic (hypoxemia)
pink (emphysema, CO2 toxicity)
pallor (anemia)
general appearance respiratory System includes
rate, effort, accessory mm use, cough, wheeze, nicotine staining of fingers
what is included in inspection respiratory system
tracheal position, deformities of thorax, barrel chest or not
what can displace trachea
mass or pneumo
what is funnel chest and what causes it
pectus excavatum
depression of lower portion of sternum
compression of heart and great vessels can cause murmurs
what is barrel chest
AP diameter is increased with age and COPD
lateral / AP chest diamtere is less than 2:1
What is pectus carinatum
pigeon chest
sternum displaced anteriorly increasing AP diameter
adjacent costal cartilages are depressed
palpation of respiratory exam inclues what
tenderness may indicate rib fracture
decreased motion with respiration may indicate bronchial obstruction or pleural effusion
subcutaneous emphysema is seen with pneumothorax
tactile fremitus is helpful in Dx consolidation
describe reason for asuculatation lungs
majority info for PE
listengin to moving air so anything that alters the architecture will alter the flow
What are the fissures in R lung
horiztontal and oblique
what is the fissure in L lung
oblique
What will lungs sound like in pneumonia
dec bs over affected area
sounds will be bronchial not vesicular
primary rhonci but sometimes wheezing
percussion in pneumonia
dullness
special tests for pneumonia
bronchophony (increased) tactile fremitus (increased)
what does COPD sound like
dec bs thorughout lung fields
primarily wheezing but may have rhonci
what is percussion like in COPD
hyperresonance
what are special tests for COPD
bronchophony (dec) tactile fremitus (dec)
What will CHF sound like in resp PE
dec bs in dependent portions lung
rales (Crackles)
percussion in CHF lungs
unchanged or dec over dependent prtions
special tests CHF in lungs
bronchophony (unchanged) tactile fremitus (unchanged)
what will pneumo sound like in lungs
bs dec or absent on affected side
percussion pneumo
marked hyperresonnance
special tests pneumo
bronchophony
tactile fremitus both decreased
what with pleural effusion sound like on PE
dec or absent on affected side
what will percussion give in pleural effusion
dullness on affected side
special tests for pleural effusion
bronchophony (unchanged) tactile fremitus (decreased)
