Respiratory Anatomy W6

Question 1

respiration definition

Answer 1

exchange of gas between an organism and its environment

supplies oxygen to cells

eliminate waste

gas is drawn into the lungs

gaseous exchange happens at the aalveoli of the lungs

Question 2

components of upper respiratory system

Answer 2

oral cavity

nasal cavity

pharynx

larynx

Question 3

lower respiratory system components

Answer 3

trachea

bronchi

lungs - alveoli

Question 4

framework of respiratory system

Answer 4

houses the respiratory system, protects the structures of respiration and provides anchor for muscles of respiration

vertebral column

rib cage (thoracic cavity)

pectoral girdle

pelvic girdle

Question 5

thorax

Answer 5

protects crucial organs and anatomy

provides attachment point for muscles of respiration

provides mechanical basis for respiration

vertebral column, clavicle, sternum, ribs

Question 6

vertebral column

Answer 6

houses spinal cord

c7

t12

l5

sacral 5

coccygeal 4

Question 7

cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

transverse foramen - passageway for nerves and bloody supply

c1 and c2 - atlas and axis - together allow head rotation and superior-inferior head movement

Question 8

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 8

attachment point for the 12 ribs

articular facets

Question 9

ribs

Answer 9

12 ribs, top 10 attached to sternum, bottom 2 floating

smaller ribs top and bottom, larger middle ribs

capable of movement to accommodate respiratory dynamics

anterior aspect slants downward

true 1-7 false 8-10 floating 11-12

Question 10

sternum

Answer 10

manubrium

corpus/body

xiphoid process

Question 11

pectoral girdle

Answer 11

supports upper extremities

clavicle - collarbone, articulates with manubrium of sternum

scapula - shoulder blade

Question 12

pelvic girdle

Answer 12

supports lower extremities

coxal bones

articulates with the sacrum anteriorly

Question 13

oral cavity

Answer 13

lips cheeks and teeth laterally and anteriorly

palatoglossal arch posteriorly

palate superiorly

tongue and floor inferiorly

varied definitions - medial to and behing buccal cavity

anterior to pharynx

Question 14

nasal cavity

Answer 14

moisten and filter air

divided by nasal septum

3 conchae each side inf mid sup

Question 15

pharynx

Answer 15

shared space for breathing and eating

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 16

larynx

Answer 16

protects lower respiratory system

sits above trachea

Question 17

bronchial tree

Answer 17

trachea

carina/tracheal bifurcation

primary bronchi

secondary bronchi

tertiary bronchi

lots more…

respiraotry bronchioles

alveoli

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

tube composed of c-shaped cartilages and membranes

trachealis muscle posteriorly allows constriction of trachea

lined with cilia to expel mucous and foreign particles

begins at c6 below cricoid cartilage

terminates at carina

Question 19

carina

Answer 19

tracheal bifurcation

last tracheal ring

sits at t5

start of primary bronchi

Question 20

primary, secondary, tertiary bronchi

Answer 20

primary bronchi/principal - left and right, cartilage rings and fibroelastic membrane

secondary bronchi - one for each lung lobe, 2 on left and 3 on right

tertiary bronchi - 8 left 10 right

Question 21

lungs

Answer 21

right - upper, middle, lower lobe

left - upper and lower lobe

Question 22

alveoli

Answer 22

moist thing surfaced air sacs

300 million in each lung

Question 23

pleurae

Answer 23

costa pleura - outer layer that lines the inner surface of ribs

visceral pleura - inner layer that adheres to the lungs and lines the diaphragm

pleural cavity/intrapleural space - space between 2 pleaurae that contains serous fluid

pleural linkage - pleurae adhere to each other via a vaccuum, means that lunga are indirectly attached to rib cage and diaphragm, important concept for respiration

Question 24

inhalation and exhalation

Answer 24

inspiratory - increase lung volume

expiratory - decrease lung volume

crossover of activation into other phase of respiration

Question 25

muscles of inspiration

Answer 25

diaphragm- only primary muscle - others are accessory to survival inspiration

external intercostals - required for forced inspiration, such as that required for speech

internal intercostals - primarily a muscle of forced expiration but anterior portion involved in forced inspiration

Question 26

diaphragm

Answer 26

separates abdominal and thoracic cavities

all fibres contract together

pulls central tendon down expanding thoracic cavity vertically

lifts and rotates ribs outwards through resistance of abdominal contents

>1 costal portion - inferior and inner surface of last 6 ribs (r7-12)

>2 sternal portion - xiphoid process

>3 lumber portion - upper lumbar vertebrae L1-3

all insert into central tendon

3 openings, aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, vena cava foramen

Question 27

external and internal intercostals

Answer 27

between the ribs

external lie superficial to internal intercostals

11 pairs of each

fibres crisscross each other

externals attach to vertebral column but not sternum

internals attach to sternum but not vertebral column

Question 28

external intercostals

Answer 28

stronger than internals - originate at inferior border of upper rib and insert into lower rib, elevate ribs with contraction

provide most of the total respiratory capacity

largest muscle for speech inspiration

Question 29

transverse and rectus abdominus

Answer 29

muscle of expiration

transverse - most internal of abdominal wall muscles

rectus - abs or lower abdominals

Question 30

muscles of expiration

Answer 30

internal intercostals

rest are located in abdomen - rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique

Question 32

internal and external oblique

Answer 32

next layers out from transverse abdominus