Oral and Facial Muscles W2

Question 1

what is orbicularis oris?

Answer 1

muscle that encircles mouth, fibres of upper and lower lips, horizontal fibres attach to lip and interdigitate to form circle closes mouth, pucker, attachment for other facial muscles, innervated by CN VII facial not a facial muscles, everything orientated to orbicularis oris

Question 2

what are the transverse facial muscles?

Answer 2

buccinator, risorius

Question 3

what are the angular facial muscles?

Answer 3

levator labii superior alaeque nas levator labii superiori depressor labii inferiori zygomaticus major zygomaticus minor

Question 4

what are the vertical facial muscles?

Answer 4

levator anguli oris depressor anguli oris metalus muscle

Question 5

what is the buccinator?

Answer 5

forms the cheek muscles

deep muscle, deep to risorius and masseter

origin: pterygomandibular ligament and alveolar process of mandible and maxilla
insertion: modiolus and orbicularis oris

maintains food between teeth, allows forced airflow for ‘th’, pulls lips laterally

innervated by CN VII facial

Question 6

what is the risorius?

Answer 6

overlies buccinator

origin: connective tissue over parotid gland and masseter
insert: modiolus

pulls lips laterally

innervated by CN VII facial

Question 7

What is zygomaticus major?

Answer 7

lateral to zygomaticus minor

origin: zygomatic bone
insert: modiolus and orbicularis oris

pulls lips laterally and superiorly (amile)

inervated by CN VII facial

Question 8

what are the primary movers for retraction of the lips?

Answer 8

zygomaticus major, buccinator, risorius

Question 9

what is zygomaticus minor?

Answer 9

medial to zygomaticus major and lateral to levator labii superioris

origin: zygomatic bone
insrtion: orbicularis oris (upper lip)

pulls upper lip superiorly

innervated by CN VII facial

Question 10

what is depressor labii inferioris?

Answer 10

origin: inferior mendible (external oblique line)
insertion: orbicularis oris (lower lip)

pulls lower lip inferiorly

innervated by CN VII facial

Question 11

What is levator labii superioris?

Answer 11

lateral to the levator labii superioris aleque nasi

origin: maxilla (frontal process)
insertion: orbicularis oris (upper lip)

pulls upper lip superiorly

innervated by CN VII facial

Question 12

what is Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

Answer 12

medial to leavtor labii superioris

origin: maxilla forntal process
insert: lateral margin of nose

pulls upper lip superiorly

innervated by cn vii facial

Question 13

WHat are the primary movers of opening of the lips?

Answer 13

zygomaticus minor, depressor labii inferioris, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 14

what is the primary mover for closure of the lips?

Answer 14

orbicularis oris

Question 15

what is levator anguli oris?

Answer 15

lateral to levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

origin: maxilla (canine fossa)
insert: modiolus and orbicularis oris

elevated the angle of the mouth

innervated by cn vii facial

Question 16

what is depressor anguli oris?

Answer 16

lateral to depressor labii inferioris, continues from levator anguli oris

origin: mandible (oblique line)
insertion: orbicularis oris and modiolus

depresses corners of the mouth

cn vii

Question 17

what is the platysma?

Answer 17

superficial to most other muscles in this vicinity

covers majority of anterior and lateral neck except depressor anguli oris

variable coverage from tissue around clavicle to modiolus, mouth muscles, cheek, mandible

lowers mandible and skin of lower face

cn vii

Question 18

what are the primary movers for elevation of the corners of the mouth?

Answer 18

zygomaticus major

levator anguli oris

Question 19

what are the primary movers for depression of corners of mouth?

Answer 19

platysma, depressor anguli oris

Question 20

what is the mentalis?

Answer 20

medial to depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris

origin: mandible incisive fossa
insertion: skin of the chin

raises and protrudes lower lip

cn vii

Question 21

what are the mandible elevator muscles of mastication? (jaw closers)

Answer 21

masseter, temporalis, medial ptyregoid

Question 22

what is the mandible protrusion muscle of mastication?

Answer 22

lateral ptyregoid muscle

Question 23

what are the mandible depressor muscles of mastication (jaw openers)

Answer 23

lateral ptyregoid, digastricus, mylohyoid, geniohyoid (ansa cervicalis)

Question 24

which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? which muscle is excluded from this?

Answer 24

cn v trigeminal, except for geniohyoid

Question 25

what is the masseter?

Answer 25

origin: zygomatic arch insert: external fibres into ramus, internal fibres into coronoid process elevates mandible cn v trigeminal

Question 26

what is the temporalis?

Answer 26

origin: temporal fossa insert: coronoid process of mandible elevates the mandible cn v trigeminal

Question 27

what is medial ptyregoid?

Answer 27

sit in interior surface of mandible origin: sphenoid bone (ptyregoid process) insertion: angle and ramus of the mandible (inside) elevates mandible unilateral contraction = lateral jaw movement cn v trigeminal

Question 28

what is lateral ptyregoid?

Answer 28

upper and lower head origin: sphenoid bone insert: TMJ condyle of the mandible protrusion and jaw depresson lateral excursion of the jaw with medial ptyregoids cn v trigeminal

Question 29

what is the anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 29

origin: mandible insert: intermediate tendon connected to the hyoid bone opens jaw when hyoid fixed by infrahyoids raises hyoid up and forwards when mandible fixed innervated by cn v trigeminal

Question 30

what is the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 30

origin: mastoid notchc of the temporal bone insert: intermediate tendon connected to hyoid bone elevayes and retracts hyoid bone when mandible stabilised innervated by facial nerve cn vii

Question 31

which belly of digastricus is innervated by facial and which by trigeminal?

Answer 31

anterior trigeminal posterior facial

Question 32

what is the mylohyoid?

Answer 32

floor of mouth origin: mandible (mylohyoid line) median raphe (other side of mucle) and hyoid bone jaw depression if hyoid fixed elevates floor of mouth if jaw fixed cn v trigeminal

Question 33

what is geniohyoid?

Answer 33

origin: mandibular symphysis (internal surface) insert: hyoid bone 2 bellies which sit at midline elevates hyoid if jaw fixed jaw opener with other suprahyoid muscles ansa cervicalis

Question 34

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 34

superior longitudinal inferior longitudinal transverse lingual vertical lingual all originate and insert within tongue, all innervated by cnxii hypoglossal

Question 35

what are thre extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 35

palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus) styloglossus hyoglossus genioglossus all originate outside the tongue and insert within the tongue, all innervated by vn xii hypoglossal except palatoglossus

Question 36

what is genioglossus?

Answer 36

extrinsic tongue muscle origin: mental spine of mandible strongest and largest tongue muscle anterior and posterior fibres posterior fibres: tongue tip protrusion anterior fibres: tongue retraction contraction of both: draws middle tongue down

Question 37

what is palatoglossus?

Answer 37

extrinsic tongue muscle origin: soft palate tongue and velar muscle pharyngeal plexus cn ix x glossopharyngeal and vagus lowers palate elevates tongue glossopalatal seal for swallowing

Question 38

what is styloglossus?

Answer 38

extrinsic tongue muscle origin: temporal bone (styloid process) draws tongue back and up

Question 39

what is hyoglossus?

Answer 39

extrinsic tongue muscle origin: hyoid draws tongue down