Pharyngeal Muscles W4

Question 1

what is the pharynx?

Answer 1

shared space for breathing and eating

from the posterior aspects of oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus - epiglottis

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx - aka hypopharynx

Question 2

what are the pahryngeal constrictors

Answer 2

supper middle inferior muscles

innervated by pharyngeal plexus

Question 3

superior and middle constrictor

Answer 3

superior - pterygomandibular raphe to median phryngeal raphe

middle - hyoid bone to median pharyngeal raphe

pulls posterior pharyngeal wall forward

narrows pharyngeal lumen during swallowing

Question 4

inferior constrictor

Answer 4

strongest of the 3

two sections

thyropharyngeus - thyroid lamina to median pharyngeal raphe, lower pharynx, similar action to upper and middle

cricopharyngeus - cricoid cartilage to median pharyngeal raphe, fibres more horizontal, cricopharyngeus muscle, upper esophageal sphincter

Question 5

upper esophageal sphincter (UES)

Answer 5

made up of cricopharyngeus muscle and cervical esophageal muscle

zone of high pressure that separates the pharynx from esophagus (3-4cm vertically)

sits tonically contracted at rest - stops air entering esophagus, stops stomach contents entering pharynx

innervated by vagus nerve and pharyngeal plexus

Question 6

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 6

origin eustachian tube

insert lateral walls of the pharynx

elevated the pharynx during swallowing

innervated by the pharyngeal plexus

Question 7

stylopharyngeus

Answer 7

origin styloid process of temporal bone

insertion phsryngeal constrictors

elevates and dilates the pharynx

innervated by cn ix glossopharyngeal

Question 8

what are the tonsils?

Answer 8

palatine - between anterior faucial pillar (palatoglossal arch) and posterior faucial pillar (palatopharyngeal arch)

pharyngeal - aka adenoid, nasopharynx

lingual - oropharynx

Question 9

the palate and velum

Answer 9

hard palate - anterior 2/3 of palate, palatine process of the maxilla

soft palate/velum - posterior 1/3 of the palate, connective tissue, muscular fibres, mucosa

uvular - dangly portion of the soft palate

Question 10

what are the velar muscles?

Answer 10

elevators - levator palatini forms bulk of the soft palate, musculus uvulae only intrinsic muscle of the soft palate

depressors - palatopharyngeus, palatoglosses, tensor veli palatini (trigem)

all innervayed by pharyngeal plexus except tensor veli palatini

Question 11

levator veli palatini

Answer 11

origin temporal bone and eustachian tube

insert aponeurosis of the soft palate

pulls soft palate towards the posterior pharyngeal wall

innervated by pharyngeal plexus

Question 12

musculus uvulae

uvula

Answer 12

muscle within the uvula

origin aponeurosis of the soft palate

insertion uvula

elevation of the soft palate

innervated by the pharyngeal plexus

Question 13

palatoglossus

Answer 13

forms anterior faucial pillar (glosspalatal arch)

origin aponeurosis of the soft palate

insert lateral posterior tongue

2 purposes - elevates base of tongue, depresses the palate

innervated by pharyngeal plexus

Question 14

palatopharyngeus

Answer 14

also considered a pharyngeal muscle

forms the posterior faucial pillar (palatopharyngeal arch)

origin aponeurosis of the soft palate

insertion thyroid cartilage and inferior pharynx

2 purposes - elevates the pahrynx and larynx

lowers the soft palate

pharyngeal plexus

Question 15

tensor veli palatini

Answer 15

origin sphenoid bone

insertion aponeurosis of soft palate

tenses the palate

innervated by cn v trigeminal4