Respiratory: Anatomy of Breathing

Question 1

What does Upper Respiratory Tract consist of?

Answer 1

the right and left nasal cavities/oral cavity
the naso/laryngo/pharynx
larynx

Question 2

What does the Lower Respiratory Tract consist of?

Answer 2

trachea
right and left bronchi
lobar bronchi 
segmental bronchi
bronchioles 
alveoli

Question 3

where is the respiratory tract?

Answer 3

at the level of c6 vertebra:
larynx becomes the trachea
pharynx becomes the oesophageal

Question 4

what lung only has horizontal fissure?

Answer 4

right lung only

Question 5

what lung has a horizontal and an oblique fissure?

Answer 5

right lung only

Question 6

what fissure does the left lung have?

Answer 6

Oblique fissure

Question 7

how does the rib articulate with the sternum?

Answer 7

via costal cartilage

Question 8

what is the costal groove?

Answer 8

located on the inferior side of the rib for nerves etc.

Question 9

what are the ‘joints of breathing’?

Answer 9

costovertebral joints
costochondral joints
sternocostal joints

Question 10

what are the muscles involved in breathing?

Answer 10

external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles

Question 11

what supplies the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 11

thoracic aorta

Question 12

what drains the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 12

azygous vein

Question 13

what supplies the anterior parts of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 13

the internal thoracic artery and veins

Question 14

what supplies all the laters/structures of the right 4th intercostal space?

Answer 14

T4 anterior ramus (AKA 4th intercostal nerve)

Question 15

what type of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 15

skeletal muscle

Question 16

where does the diaphagm attach to?

Answer 16

sternum
loser 6 ribs and costal cartilages
L1-L3 vertebral bodies

Question 17

what vein is found in the demo-pectoral groove?

Answer 17

cephalic vein

Question 18

what does the long thoracic nerve supply?

Answer 18

serratus anterior (paralysis = winged scapula)

Question 19

what are the right and left lung covered in?

Answer 19

visceral pleura

Question 20

what is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 20

abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity drains into the recess e.g. pleural effusion/haemothorax

this causes ‘blunting of the angles’ seen on CXR

Question 21

Name the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 21

superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior love

Question 22

what is the lingula?

Answer 22

this is the ‘tongue’ of the superior lobe of the left lung

Question 23

what s the groove in the left lung apex used for?

Answer 23

left common corotid artery

Question 24

what is the blackish anatomy found on the left lung?

Answer 24

pulmonary lymph nodes

Question 25

where do you auscultate the middle lobe?

Answer 25

ribes 4 and 6 mid-clavicular line and mid-axillary lines on the right lung

Question 26

where are the oblique fissures anatomically related?

Answer 26

bilaterally to rib 6

T3 vertebral level

Question 27

where do auscultate the lung base?

Answer 27

in the scapular line at T11 vertebral level