Gastrointestinal: Clinical anatomy of Jaundice (Part 1)

Question 1

what is bilirubin?

Answer 1

breakdown of RBCs

Question 2

where does majority if bilirubin get broken down?

Answer 2

spleen

Question 3

what is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 3

storage and concentration of bile

Question 4

what is bile used for?

Answer 4

normal absorption of fats in the small intestine

Question 5

what is the portal triad?

Answer 5

hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct

Question 6

where is the abdominal aorta situated?

Answer 6

retro-peritonial

Question 7

where does the coeliac trunk arise?

Answer 7

T12 vertebral level

Question 8

what does the coeliac trunk break into?

Answer 8

splenic artery
hepatic artery
left gastric artery

Question 9

what do the silent artery, hepatic artery and left gastric artery further break into?

Answer 9

gastroduodenal

superior pancreatico-duodenal

Question 10

where is the spleen situated?

Answer 10

intra-peritoneal organ and left hypochondrium

Question 11

what is the spleen protected by?

Answer 11

ribs 9-11

Question 12

what is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 12

right and left gastric arteries

Question 13

what is the blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 13

right and left gastro-mental arteries

Question 14

what is the blood supply to the liver?

Answer 14

hepatic artery

hepatic portal vein

Question 15

what is the main function of the liver?

Answer 15

major metabolic organ

converts bilirubin into bile

Question 16

what is the liver protected y?

Answer 16

ribs 7-11

Question 17

what are the 4 segments of the liver called?

Answer 17

right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe (this sticks out and is inferior into organ as a whole)

Question 18

where does the liver (venous) drain into?

Answer 18

drainage is via 3 major hepatic veins into the vena cava

Question 19

what are the 2 clinically important areas of the peritoneal cavity related to the liver?

Answer 19

Hepatorenal recess
Sub-phrenic recess

Both of these are found in the greater sac and peritonitis can result in a collection of pus here leading abscess formation

Question 20

what drains blood from foregut, midgut and hind-gut to the liv for FIRST PASS METABOLISM?

Answer 20

hepatic portal vein

Question 21

what drains the blood from the foregut to the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 21

splenic vein

Question 22

what drains the blood from the hindgut to the scenic vein?

Answer 22

inferior mesenteric vein

Question 23

what drains blood from the midgut to the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 23

superior mesenteric vein

Question 24

what drains the cleaned blood from the hepatic veins into the right atrium?

Answer 24

inferior vena cava

Question 25

where does the bile flow in and out of the gall bladder?

Answer 25

cystic duct

Question 26

what is the blood supply to the gall bladder?

Answer 26

cystic artery (branch of the right hepatic artery)

Question 27

where do the visceral afferents enter the spinal cord (gall bladder)?

Answer 27

T6 and T9 (presents as epigastric pain)