Principles: Bones and Fractures Flashcards
what is endochrondral ossification?
process in which an initial small, hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone
describe the outer cortex of a bone?
dense, strong, heavy and compact
describe the inner medulla of a bone?
spongy, more porous, weaker and lighter
what does the periosteum contain?
fibrous connective tissue and vascularised
name 2 features of the neck of the femur which contributes to an increased incidence of fractures?
less compact bone
thin/angled structured
process of fracture healing?
- initial healing - callus of new bone surrounding fracture line
- callus remodelling (re-suming normal shape)
- healed left clavicle (more or less normal shape)
name the 3 fossae of the floor of the cranial cavity?
anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa
what is a foramina?
a ‘hole’ for cranial nerves and the brains blood vessels to pass into/out of the cranial cavity
how many cervical vertebra?
7
how many thoracic vertebra?
12
how many lumbar vertebra?
5
how many sacral vertebra?
5 - fused to form 1
how many coccygeal vertebra?
4 - fused to form 1
what is the spinous process?
ligament and muscle attachment
what is the transverse process?
ligament, muscle and rib articulations
what is the vertebral foramen?
transmits and protects the spinal chord
what does not have a body or a spinous process?
C1 = atlas
what has an odontoid process?
C2 = Axis
what has vertebrae prominent
C7
what is the pectoral girdle?
2 scapulae and 2 clavicles
what is the pelvic girdle?
2 hip bones and the sacrum
